Public Utilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Public Utilities - Essay Example Regulatory commissions must them establish the measure of value for each of these items; these value determinations are made, not found, rendering the overall value relatively unknown. In a competitive market, value is determined by normal market processes such as supply and demand. However, in the case of regulated industries, earnings are dependant upon the rates established by the regulatory commissions-if rates are set low, the value is consequently low, and the same results from rates that are set high. Time variant rates might occur when the public being served fluctuates in their demands of the public utility. For example, residents living in the northern states will go through periods within the year where they will need more heat, creating a demand for electricity and gas power and services. These times, referred to as "peak times," can cause temporary fluctuations in the rates to ensure proper distribution of the appropriate services. Similarly, phone and Internet companies can see the same fluctuating demands at various times in the day as changes in shifts occur at work or school for the public. As people are relieved from their jobs, they might see the need to begin using the phone to contact family members, set appointments, or call other places of business for problems or clarification of services and bills. These time variant rates can often lead to drastic increases or decreases in rates for a short period, and can also add to the public's opinion of how necessary the s ervices might be. For example, several phone companies across the United States offer a standing rate for service; however, the rates on Sundays for long distance service might decrease drastically to provide consumers with an opportunity to contact family members that live out of state. The development of cell phone technology has further dropped the rates for long distance phone service. However, to continually regulate the rates at which the public utility companies are charging the public, regulatory commissions at the public, state, and federal levels are necessary for several reasons. The first step to successfully regulating industries categorized as public utilities is making sure the public within the communities realize the economic advantages of holding regulated monopolies rather than competitive businesses. After the need for regulations have been expressed, the agencies provided these responsibilities must ensure that they are regulating the industries to the best of their abilities; doing so will not only provide necessary services to the public, but will also offer large economic growth to the community. (Phillips 9). To regulate effectively, state and federal regulation commissions must pay close attention to the methods with which they are regulating their respective areas of industry. They must carefully watch the overall expenditures of the industry to ensure that they are within acceptable limits. Performance evaluations should be used to ensure the overall effectiveness of employees working in the public utility industry. Regulating price control by maintaining knowledge over the current markets being served and the overall cost of

Five Guys Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Five Guys - Case Study Example The restaurant did not need to spend heavily for advertising the restaurant in order to gain more customers as the marketing of the restaurant was done through word of mouth. The satisfied customers were quite impressed by the way the food quality was maintained and the food itself made them market the product amongst their relatives which helped in increasing the number of customers. During 2002, the company decided to franchise their business with a plan of expanding at a very high rate of opening more than one thousand franchises towards the late 2011. The business even made a plan of making over one billion US dollars in sales. The plan was made along with the idea of maintaining the same quality of food and service in all the outlets they planned to start. Five Guys started operating as a restaurant and developed into chain of food business and the specialty of the business included French fries, hotdogs and hamburgers. The business is recognized as a fast casual dining business because of the quality service, food and rates they offer in their outlets. Casual fast dining is referred to those restaurants that offer high quality service and food but they do not offer full table service as regular restaurants. The ingredients used to produce food are of very high quality and their clean and tidy kitchen area is easily visible to the customers. The restaurant is renowned to offer an essence of the diners of the period of 50s along with the taste of homemade food of the same era. They have a restricted menu which allows them to focus on the quality of their specialty offering rather than diversifying their offerings and compromising the quality of their specialty items. The atmosphere and the food they are offering is such that they get the customer gets the comfort of sitting in an atmosphere of a dinning along with food that falls in the category of fast food, this technique of Five Guys is highly appreciated and attracts customers who are living in an

Education teaching and learning process education essay

Education teaching and learning process education essay Different literatures were studied to define and to justify the importance of the different keywords as they relate to the study as well as to have a good background on the body of knowledge. This surely will be beneficial to the understanding of the essence of ICT tools in Education as they are simply referred as Educational Technology Tools. Technology is becoming an increasingly influential factor in education. The use of computers and mobile phones as complements to educational practices are very up-to-date development in the area as we are talking about online education. The explosion of computer use in different economic areas brought about the ICT dimension in almost everything we do these days. The demand of new skills and understanding of students and Educators are imposing itself as a reality, also the environment in which teaching and learning is taking place is under constant change as well as the instruction of the students. It is important to note that, in order to set the context, generally speaking, there is no one accepted definition of what constitutes technology. Technology is the word associated with anything that aims to facilitate the human life through change. Ursula Franklin, in her 1989 Real World of Technology lectures: defines technology as a practice, the way we do things around here. The Merriam-Webster dictionary offers a definition of the term as: the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area and a capability given by the practical application of knowledge. 2.2 Education, Teaching and Learning Process Education from the Websters 1828 Dictionary read as follows: The bringing up, as of a child, instruction; formation of manners. Education comprehends all that series of instruction and discipline which is intended to enlighten the understanding, correct the temper, and form the manners and habits of youth, and fit them for usefulness in their future stations. To give children a good education in manners, arts and science, is important; to give them a religious education is indispensable; and an immense responsibility rests on parents and guardians who neglect these duties. Education is a concept in which Instruction, Teaching and Learning are major pillars: Instruction refers to the facilitating of learning toward identified objectives, delivered either by an instructor or other forms. Teaching refers to the actions of a real live instructor designed to impart learning to the student. Learning refers to learning with a view toward preparing learners with specific knowledge, skills, or abilities that can be applied immediately upon completion. For, education is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character or physical ability of an individual. In its technical sense education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one generation to another. However there has always been a discussion on the matter of assuring continuity of passing on knowledge and a matter of fostering creativity, which propels the learners to the world of unknowns and forces the coming out of it with innovation and ingenuity. Both of these functions relate equally to knowledge and attitudes, to understanding and behaviour. They are the essence of the teaching/learning process. We want creativity, but we want it to emerge from what is known and understood. We want continuity and that too from what is known and understood. Learning environments in schools typically involve one or more adult teachers connected with a number of students, usually in well defined physical settings. Physically it may be in a room, full of particular furniture and equipment. The place of computers in learning for the majority of children is most likely to occur in the classroom and, for an increasing number, at home. However, most experts in the field of educational computing would characterise computers as interactive and thus admit them a place within the relationship structures of the classroom learning environment, not just the physical environment. The curriculum is concerned with What is learned and taught: includes objectives, content, and learning outcomes (the knowledge, skills and attitudes that students are intended to demonstrate). How this learning and teaching occurs: concerns teaching/learning methodology, teaching strategies and media resources. Most teaching/learning methods and strategies involve the use of some equipment. Some teaching methods may only include the use of a blackboard and chalk while others may make use of a television or overhead projector. This equipment and its use within the curriculum are often referred to as educational technology. 2.3 Educational Technology and ICT Educational technology concerns the technology that is used to facilitate the teaching/learning process. As such it is included in the how part of the curriculum. We could consider educational technology as the tools of the teaching trade, part of the medium used to convey the curriculum. Thus the technology used is determined by the intended curriculum. Also part of the context of the curriculum concerns the role of the teacher, the physical setting and the general pedagogical views of the teacher and education system. These are likely to affect the technology used and may involve the use of computers. Technology can be seen to be affecting the curriculum both in terms of content and methodology, there are a number of instances where the curriculum has been changed due to changes in technology, invention of new technology has added content to the curriculum (e.g. technology based on electricity) or new technology has made parts of the content obsolete (e.g. using calculators instead of logarithms for calculation). Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are a diverse set of tools and resources used to communicate, create, disseminate, store, and manage information. These technologies include computers, the Internet, broadcasting technologies (radio and television), and telephony. Nowadays there is an increasing interest in how computers and the Internet can improve education at all levels. Older ICT technologies, such as radio and television, have for over forty years been used for open and distance learning. There is a variety of terminology that describes the ways computers are integrated into the learning process and in the classroom: technology-mediated learning, computer-aided instruction, distance education, distance learning, educational technology, home learning technologies, computer-based education, instructional technology, multimedia, communications systems, Web-based learning, educational multimedia applications, and computer-mediated communication etc are just a sample of those. This variability in terminology is not a matter of disagreement among researchers, but simply implies that technology is a word that is used to describe different things to different people. Technology is a term that is used by many to describe, study, and evaluate the various ways computers are integrated into education, both inside and outside the classrooms. 2.4 Integrating Technology in Teaching Moreover, there is no consensus about what constitutes technology in learning or teaching. However, the common link tends to be some use of the personal computer to aid teaching or learning in some form or fashion. These technologies run the continuum of integration in education from entire courses put on the Web to technology integrated into a specific lesson. Though most research studies focus on computer-based technology, there are other teaching and learning technologies that are not computer-based. These can include overhead projectors, document cameras, laser pointers, robotics, television, VCR, DVD, demonstration equipment, sound systems, CDs, tape recordings, simulation machines, and models. Some researchers even consider the traditional piece of chalk and chalkboard a type of technology. Many educators have argued that the appropriate use of ICT by students can assist teachers in determining and catering for the prior knowledge of students. Further, it is usually also argued that ICT can assist students in engaging cognitively to a greater depth with knowledge domains. That is students are supported in employing the full range of thinking skills within authentic contexts. This is often discussed in terms of cognitive taxonomies such as that provided by Bloom (1964). Knowledge The learner must recall information (i.e. bring to mind the appropriate material). Comprehension The learner understands what is being communicated by making use of the communication. Application The learner uses abstractions (e.g. ideas) in particular and concrete situations. Analysis The learner can break down a communication into its constituent elements or parts. Synthesis The learner puts together elements or parts to form a whole. Evaluation The learner makes judgments about the value of material or methods for a given purpose. Generally speaking, there is an assumption that technology fosters learning merely by its use in the educational process. Ehrmann (1999) sums up this assumption very nicely: Technologies such as computers (or pencils) dont have predetermined impacts; its their uses that influence outcomes. This statement seems obvious, but many institutions act as though the mere presence of technology will improve learning. They use computers to teach the same things in the same ways as before, yet they expect learning outcomes to be better. (p. 32) In his essay, Clark (1983) said succinctly: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦media are mere vehicles that deliver instruction but do not influence student achievement any more than the truck that delivers our groceries causes changes in our nutrition (p. 445). if learning occurs as a result of exposure to any media, the learning is caused by the instructional method embedded in the media presentation. (p. 26) Further, he posited that different types of media could be substituted for each other, because media are not responsible for any learning that might take place. Media are not the causal agents in the learning process; rather, instructional method is the active ingredient or catalyst that causes learning to take place. In contrast to Clarks argument, Kozma (1994) believed that the more appropriate question was not whether media do influence learning, but will they influence learning. He also contended that simply because we have not established a relationship between media and learning does not mean that one does not exist. He believed that, since we do not fully understand the relationship between media and learning, we have yet to measure it, and the failure to establish this relationship is caused in part by our theories of learning, or more specifically, behaviourism, with its basic assumption that a stimulus causes a response. Therefore, if the stimulus is not present, there is n o possibility for response. Kozma (1994) explained that in Clarks view media are simply mere vehicles or conduits for an instructional method (stimulus) that elicit a response (learning). Kozma argues that learning is a much more complex process than just a series of stimulus-response connections. Learning, in his view, is defined as an active, constructive, cognitive and social process by which the learner strategically manages available cognitive, physical and social resources to create new knowledge by interacting with information in the environment and integrating it with information already stored in memory (p.8). Thus, in Kozmas view, since the definition learning has evolved to embody more of a constructive process, our measurement of this process must evolve as well. Still others have argued for a complete reframing of the debate over technology and its effect on learning. Jonassen, Campbell, and Davidson (1994) believed that the Clark/Kozma debates focused too much on instruction and media and not enough on the attributes of the learner who ultimately constructs the knowledge. With all the various opinions on the relationship between technology and learning, it begs the question: who is right? It appears that each theorist brings an important perspective to the table. Clark is correct that technology has not necessarily revolutionized the process of learning. Technology has not helped humans develop a new way to learn. Learning is still something that is performed by the individual. However, in Clarks view, all an instructor would need to do is embed the appropriate instructional method into his/her lesson and learning should take place. We know, however, despite many instructors best efforts and superior teaching abilities, learning does not always take place. Kozma is also correct that we must examine technology and learning beyond a behaviourist context. Learning is an intentional act (Jonnasen, 1994) and the human being doing the learning should not be discounted. Researchers have established that there is no significant difference between learning with technology in distance education courses and learning in a traditional classroom, but they do not discuss how human motivation is influenced by technology. This could be a very important missing element in the debate. Which side you take in this debate depends largely upon how you define learning. If you subscribe to more behaviourist views of learning, Clark will make more sense to you. If you conceive of learning as a more cognitive or constructivist process, you would be more likely to agree with Kozma or Jonnasen. From a pedagogical approach, Information-processing theories emerged from a branch of cognitive psychology that focused on the memory and storage processes that enable learning. Theorist in this area explores how a person receives information and stores it in memory. The structure of memory that allows the learning of something new, relate to and is built on something learned previously and also how a learner retrieves information from short-term and long-term memory and applies it to new situations. The well-known information-processing theorist, David Ausubel, proposed that the way a learner receives and stores information affects the usefulness of the information, for example, by transferring current learning to learning other skills. On the other hand, the model of the behaviourist B.F. Skinner, infers that part of the Educators job is to modify the behaviour of students through positive reinforcement, thus under laying behaviour modification techniques in classroom management and programmed instruction. To this we may say that, the stimulus-response interaction between student and technology can be introduced through computers so as to aid instruction, by providing drills and practices on previously learned skills, from practice and tutorial software. The cognitive constructivist, Jean Piagets theory has two major parts: one component that predicts what children can and cannot understand at different ages, and a theory of development that describes how children develop cognitive abilities. The key implications to these are: First, learning is an active process where direct experience, making errors, and looking for solutions is vital for the assimilation and accommodation of information. The presentation of information is important, when it is introduced as an aid to problem solving. It functions as a tool rather than an isolated arbitrary fact. Second, learning should be whole, authentic, and real. Thus, in a Piagetian classroom there is less emphasis on directly teaching specific skills and more emphasis is laid on learning in a meaningful context. Technology, particularly multimedia, offers a vast array of such opportunities, with the support of educational software on videodisks and CD-ROMs, Educators can provide a learning en vironment that helps to expand the conceptual and experiential background of the audience. The social constructivist, L. S. Vygotskys theory has much more room for an active and involved Educator. He claimed that the central point of his psychological approach is mediation. Through mediation human cognitive growth and learning as peers and other members of his community engages in relationships with the material and social environment. Thus the use of technology can be used to connect students to each other via email, forum, newsgroups etc. Now, from here, which approach to choose? Which is best suited to enhance learning? What hardware or software to use? There is no right or wrong answers to these questions, acquiring hardware and software packages will partly resolve the problem. It is up to the Educator, who knows the lesson objectives, the expected results and the students, to choose which approach to use and what technology should accompany the approach. However the determination of the technologys worthiness for a given lesson could be answered by the following questions: Is the lesson content worthwhile? (Are there clear objectives, connected to standards or significant questions, etc?) Do the lesson activities engage students? How does technology enhance the lesson in ways that would not be possible without it? Educators should then look for the best means to facilitate a diversity of learning styles, and need to be competent observers of the social milieu in which learners interact as well as knowledgeable about the content to which they wish to expose learners. Hence, educators development is absolutely essential if technology provided to schools is to be used effectively. Simply by placing computers in schools, providing internet facilities, spending on IT hardware and software, without financing the educator professional development as well, is wasteful. Educators training of the use and application of technology is the key determining factor to improve student performance for both knowledge acquisition and skills development enabled by technology. Information technology professionals have an axiom that an unsupported technology is an unused technology. In an article for The Chronicle of Higher Education titled When Good Technology Means Bad Teaching, Jeffrey Young made the case that a poorly supported technology is actually worse than no technology at all. He argued that giving teachers technology without training has often done more harm than good to teaching and learning. This is undoubtedly true. At the teacher level without proper training and support the educators are faced with: the fear of embarrassment in front of pupils and colleagues, loss of status and an effective degrading of professional skills (Russell Bradley 1997) classroom management difficulties when using ICT, especially where pupil-to-computer ratios are poor (Drenoyianni Selwood 1998; Cox et al. 1999) lack of the knowledge necessary to enable teachers to resolve technical problems when they occur (VanFossen 1999) Educational technology is not, and never will be, transformative on its own; it requires educators who can integrate technology into the curriculum and use it to improve student learning. In other words, computers can not replace educators, as they are the key to whether technology is being used appropriately and effectively. They need to understand a subject enough to convey its essence to students. While traditionally this has involved lecturing on the part, new instructional strategies put the educator more into the role of course designer, discussion facilitator, and coach and the student more into the role of active learner, discovering the subject of the course. Even if students could learn independently with little or no involvement from their teachers on how to use technology to enhance their learning and skills development, they are highly unlikely to have those opportunities if educators do not let them have access to the technology. The term computer-assisted learning (CAL) has been increasingly used to describe the use of technology in teaching. Educators also need professional development in the pedagogical application of those skills to improve teaching and learning. They should be empowered to develop their knowledge and skills actively and experientially, in a variety of learning environments, both individual and collaborative. This, include a variety of learning strategies, encompassing direct instruction, deduction, discussion, drill and practice, deduction, induction, and sharing. Thus emphasis in the courses should be on the ways technology can facilitate and enhance his profession lives. Educators preparation programs are essential and as described by Kook (1997) it is the crucial issue to be addressed (p.58). The teacher of the future will depend on the computer for both personal productivity and for instructional activities. Kook lists thirty-three primary computer skills for teachers, ranging from navigating the Windows desktop environment, to using IRC chat, to installing software. Kook suggests that these skills should be part of the required courses for prospective teachers and insists that in the next century teacher education will be forced to accommodate a considerable amount of transformation to allow teachers to function effectively in the Information Age (p.59). Computer technology cannot be effective in the classroom without teachers who are knowledgeable about both the technology itself and about how to use it to meet educational goals. The most common barrier to adequate training is the expense involved. Without training, however, other technology spending has a marginal effect (Boyd, 1997). Learning to operate computer hardware, growing comfortable with many different software applications, developing management systems for student computer use, and redesigning lesson plans to make use of technology, takes a great deal of time. When combined with frustrating hardware glitches and software bugs, the task can become daunting for even the most determined. Often, what stops people is one little thing that they didnt know how to do. If you have a room full of kids when something goes wrong, it discourages you from trying it again (Zehr, 1997, p.3). Leading to the question why school teachers dont use, and sometimes resist, the use of computers? Hannafin and Savenye (1993) list some research-based possible explanations for teacher resistance to using computers. These reasons include: poorly designed software, doubt that computers improve learning outcomes, resentment of the computer as a competitor for students attention, unsupportive administrators, increased time and effort required of the teacher, fear of losing control of center stage, and fear of looking stupid. in front of the class. Viewing the teachers role as a continuum, Hannafin and Savenye (1993) also put the role of traditional lecturer and imparter of knowledge at one end and the role of coach, observer, and facilitator at the other end. They then generalize that the traditional end of the continuum embraces an objectivist learning theory while the other end is likely to embrace constructivism. The teachers view of learning, then, could be another source of resistance to classroom technology. A teacher may be open to technology but resist the accompanying change in learning theory. This would suggest that in addition to providing training in technology, schools and districts need to provide information, training, encouragement, and support to teachers in moving toward a more constructivist view of education. The management should champion the change, policies has to be adopted as from the management level down to the students, everybody contributing and accompanying the reform for it to be successful and to be able to take out the maximum benefit. This issue is addressed with difficulty, because Principals, on average, are 50 years old. Weve got a generation of people who are actually barriers to the infusion of technology in school systems and are afraid of it themselves (Quoted in Trotter, 1997, p.1). It has become clear over the past decade that simple motivational and short-workshop schemes are vastly insufficient to enable veteran (and even new, computer-generation) teachers to teach differently, and to teach well with technologies (Hawkins and Honey, 1993). The evidence suggested that teachers who use technology in their classrooms are more effective if they have received training, if they have district-level support and if they have a network of other computer-using teachers to share experiences with. Swan and Mitrani state that computers can change the nature of teaching and learning at its most basic level (1993). We need to ensure that we are using our current knowledge about the application of technology in education as a basis for proceeding in the future. The management has also its part in the integration of the the educational technology in the school. Policies and support programs must be initiated from the top management and they must be part of and accompany the change. The most important barrier to this integration is the financial barriers. They include the cost of hardware, software, maintenance (particular of the most advanced equipment), and extend to some staff development. Froke (1994b) said, concerning the money, the challenge was unique because of the nature of the technology. The initial investment in hardware is high but the costs of technology have to part of the cost of instruction. The integration reveals the institutional support through leadership, planning and the involvement of teachers as well as managers in implementing change.

Light and Dark Imagery in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay examp

Light and Dark Imagery in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is a novel about a man named Marlow and his journey into the depths of the African Congo. Marlow is in search of a man named Kurtz, an ivory trader. Though Marlow?s physical journey seems rather simple, it takes him further into his own heart and soul than into the Congo. The setting, symbols and characters each contain light and dark images, these images shape the central theme of the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conrad uses light and dark imagery to help create the setting for the story; light represents civilization while darkness suggests the uncivilized. The novel opens on the deck of a boat called the Nellie, as we are introduced to the passengers we are told how the sun is slowly fading, and soon darkness will engulf the area. This image is Conrad?s first use of light and darkness; he uses it to foreshadow the ultimate darkness Marlow will face. Conrad is warning his readers to be careful, lest they let down their guard and allow the darkness to come them. The other character in the book, Kurtz, is taken over by the evil embodied in the darkness. During Kurtz?s journey into the heart of darkness the isolation, darkness and power all made him lose control of himself and allowed the darkness to take over.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every aspect in Conrad?s book has a deep meaning, which can then be linked to the light and dark imagery. In the novel there are two rivers, the Thames and the Congo. The...

Yellow Wallpaper

The visuals and the symbolic imagery of the setting helps the readers connect with the characters more ND thus builds a connection through the entirety of the story. The opening of the setting directly correlates with the narrator's thoughts and feelings. It is also one of the crucial reasons as to why the narrator falls deeply ill to the depicted background. We come to see that the narrator of the story who is the woman, lives in a isolated mansion or a â€Å"haunted house†(394) as she would call it. The metaphor of the haunted house shows the woman's concern and displacement about the house from the start.Gradually as the months pass, she becomes increasingly ill and her very sanity shows. Her husband's way of treatment and rest only forces her to get worse and not better. She states to John, â€Å"That spoils my ghostliness, I am afraid, but I don't care-? there is something strange about the house-?I can feel it†. The statement depicts her troubled emotions both men tally and emotionally regarding the mansion. Gradually as the months pass, she becomes increasingly ill and her very sanity becomes worse. She starts to become fixated with the yellow wallpaper in her room.She quotes â€Å"they connect diagonally, and the sprawling outlines run off in great slanting waves of optic error, like a lot of wallowing seaweeds in full chase(403). † The detailed observations made by her towards the ending of the text describe her cry for help to stop her illness and the only therapy she knows as liberating. What she doesn't understand is her illness as seen in the text worsens as she runs her imagination through the surroundings of the wallpaper. She feels trapped and her only way out to her lies in the wallpaper.She develops vivid images about the entire house and the negative feelings that comes with it. She uses words such as queer and afraid from the beginning of the story to explore her concern for the house. In one of her quotes, she states â⠂¬Å"l am sitting by the window now, up in this atrocious nursery, and there is nothing to hinder my writing as much as I please, save lack of strength—But these nervous troubles are dreadfully depressing(396). † The statements display her boredom and depression from not being able to write and explore her thoughts as prescribed by her doctor of a husband.That alone gives her mind to roam endlessly bout the possibilities of the wallpaper. The importance of the setting provides a power tool in which her condition intensifies as her reality escapes into the yellow wallpaper. It leads to her ultimate obsession with the yellow wallpaper. Another powerful piece of the setting would the time the book took place. The book is published in 1892 so it can be assumed that it took place in the 18th through 19th century. During this time, women are still fighting for equality and a stand in society compared to today.The men are the dominant leaders of the household and women would ob ey their decisions and follow only to their lead without their own opinions mattering. Therefore, the husband disregards his wife's opinions about her condition. The story displays her husband as kind and caring; always attending to his wife's needs. He feels he knows the right treatments for her when in reality, he was trapping her in an isolated room with no one to talk to or able to express her feelings. He also calls her â€Å"little girl† in an attempt to belittle her decision making when she wanted to leave the house.The woman also feels guilty for the things her husband goes for her like reading to her for hours and calling her darling. She does not understand that her insanity stems from distancing her emotions from her husband and into her own world of fantasies that lead to her fixation on the wall paper. Therefore without any help from the outside world or anyone to turn to, she felt like her own prisoner trapped inside the room with only the yellow wallpaper in he r mind to keep her own sanity from worsening. There are many subtle metaphors and hidden meanings describing the setting of the wallpaper.There are clues towards he ending of the story that the events following her experience with the wallpaper may have also happened previously with other women. She states, â€Å"l don't like to look out of the windows even-?there are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast. I wonder if they come out of that wallpaper as I did† which shows she might have believed the events occurred before. Thus as the story building up, the setting portrays her need to tear off all the wallpaper in a means to escape from her own imprisoned self and the lives of previously trapped women behind the leaper.After the woman tears off the wallpaper, the setting immediately changes as she liberates herself from her own illness that caused her depression since the beginning. There is no longer the yellow wallpaper and the freedom of celebration from her husband. She is now seen in control instead of her husband. Every part of the setting influences the way the story was set. Had the setting changed entirely in an uplifting and positive vibe than the outcome would have been completely different. She may not have had any ill conditions if things were set differently. Yellow Wallpaper Chelsey French Stacy Phillips ENGL 1010 November 28, 2012 The Yellow Wallpaper Approximately 10 to 15% of women suffer from postpartum mood disorders, including postpartum depression, postpartum anxiety, and postpartum psychosis (â€Å"How Many Women Get Postpartum Depression? The Statistics on PPD†). â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a story about a woman, whose husband takes her away to a home out in the country. She is to believe that she has a temporary nervous condition, by which her husband, a doctor, has her to believe.As the story unfolds the reader comes to find out that the narrator has more than a nervous condition. It is clear to see that the narrator has postpartum psychosis. Postpartum psychosis has a wide range of symptoms, all of which the narrator of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† exhibits. The disorder, which sets on up to several weeks after giving birth. Postpartum psychosis is characterized by symptoms of extreme agitation, confusion, exhilaration, and an inability to sleep or eat.It may also be difficult to maintain a normal conversation with a woman who has postpartum psychosis. She may also experience delusions, hallucinations, altered or impaired concept of reality, rapid mood swings, insomnia, and abnormal or obsessive thoughts. The narrator of the story shows many of the signs and symptoms of postpartum psychosis which sets up just weeks after giving birth. The description of the disorder fits almost perfectly with what can be seen from the narrator.Her actions, along with what she sees in the wallpaper of her room can be interpreted as symptoms of postpartum psychosis. The reader also knows that the narrator has given birth recently when she writes â€Å"it is fortunate Mary is so good with the Baby. Such a dear baby! And yet I cannot be with him, it makes me so nervous† (Gilman). Knowing that the narrator just had a baby is only reason that she is suffering from postpartum psychosis, because if she didn’ t just have a baby then she could not have suffered from this.In the beginning of the story, the narrator tells that she gets angry with her husband, and believes that it is due to her nervous condition. The narrator is more than aware that her agitation goes beyond what is reasonable at that time, yet she cannot control it. She knows something is wrong, and is to believe that she has a temporary nervous condition, that her husband diagnosed her with, but the narrator is suffering from more than a mere nervous condition.The narrator’s abnormal thinking shows when she writes, â€Å"John is a physician, and perhaps—(I would not say it to a living soul, of course, but this is dead paper and a great relief to my mind)—perhaps that is one reason I do not get well faster† (Gilman). It doesn’t make since that because her husband is a doctor, she is not getting better. The narrator’s agitation and abnormal thinking here shows she is suffering from m ore than depression. Another symptom of postpartum psychosis is hallucinations. One of the first hallucinations that the narrator has is when she sees people creeping outside around in the garden.Another hallucination the narrator experiences is, â€Å"Sometimes I think there are a great many women behind, and sometimes only one, and she crawls around fast, and her crawling shakes it all over† (Gilman). The narrator is having hallucinations of a woman behind the wallpaper of her room and that she is shaking the pattern on the wallpaper. At the end of the story the narrator is acting really strange when she describes herself crawling around her room, with her shoulder in the â€Å"smooch† of the wallpaper.To someone who has their sanity intact, this would be very weird, but with her impaired concept of reality, her actions are completely logical. By having hallucinations and impaired concepts of reality are strong signs that she is suffering from postpartum psychosis. T he Narrator also shows signs that she has a hard time eating and sleeping, and has moments of obsessive thinking. During the story the narrator writes â€Å"I don’t sleep much at night† (Gilman), which shows that it is not depression that she is suffering from, which causes hypersomnia, rather than insomnia.The narrator also shows signs of difficulty eating when she says â€Å"I don’t weigh a bit more,’ said I, ‘nor as much; and my appetite may be better in the evening when you are here but it is worse in the morning when you are away! † (Gilman) Trouble eating is yet another sign of postpartum psychosis. Along with difficulty eating, and insomnia, the narrator also has moments of exhilaration, when she writes â€Å"Life is very much more exciting now than it used to be. You see, I have something more to expect, to look orward to, to watch†¦it was because of the wallpaper† (Gilman). The fact that the narrator has become excited ov er the wallpaper in her room, points toward the diagnosis that she has some type of psychosis. Wallpaper is usually not exciting to a person in a normal state of mind. This part of the story shows that the narrator is having obsessive thoughts, at this point of the short story she is no longer simply examining the wallpaper, she is obsessed with the wallpaper.The last thing that the narrator shows is homicidal and suicidal thoughts. At the end of the story the narrator is making threats when she writes â€Å"no person touches [the] paper but [her]—not alive! † (Gilman). Pretty much she is saying that she will hurt, or kill anyone that comes close or touches the wallpaper. This act would be very irrational because touching wallpaper would ordinarily be an innocent gesture, but the narrator is so wrapped up in her psychosis that she is willing to commit homicide if a person just touches the paper.The narrator contemplates suicide when she says â€Å"I am getting angry e nough to do something desperate. To jump out of the window would be admirable exercise, but the bars are too strong even to try† (Gilman). The narrator’s thoughts of committing homicide and suicide are just further signs of her disorder. According to Heidi Scott, â€Å"The reader is more likely to see her madness as a tragedy of early mental health care, the positive reading gains ground with this interpretation of ecological adaptation. Unfortunately Ms. Scott seems to have made an error in logic known as hasty generalization. What Ms. Scott is saying is that the narrator is just not adapting to her new environment, but this is not the case at all. With all of the evidence that is provided in this paper it should be clear about what kind of condition the narrator has. The proof in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† that the narrator has postpartum psychosis leaves little room for other scientific diagnosis of her problems.The narrator has given birth recently, she bec omes agitated and exhilarated easily, and she has abnormal thoughts, insomnia, inability to eat, hallucinations, homicidal and suicidal thoughts and so on; all of which are symptoms of postpartum depression. Ultimately, this means that the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a harrowing tale of a woman suffering from postpartum psychosis. Works Cited â€Å"How Many Women Get Postpartum Depression? The Statistics on PPD. † Postpartum Depression, Postpartum Progress, The Best Help & Hope for Moms. Web. 19 Nov. 012 † Signs of Postpartum Psychosis – RightDiagnosis. com. † Right Diagnosis. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper – Charlotte Perkins Gilman. † Women's History – Comprehensive Research and Information Guide. Web. 20 Nov. 2012 † PsychiatryOnline , American Journal of Psychiatry, Postpartum Psychosis: Detection of Risk and Management. † PsychiatryOnline Home. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wall-paper: And Other Stories – Charlotte Perkins Gilman – Google Books. † Google Books. Web. 21 Nov. 2012.

Gay Marriage: The Controversial Issue Essay

Gay marriage has been an ongoing controversial issue. Many other countries have legalized gay marriage for decades and the United States is just beginning to pick up on the trend. While many people believe that gay marriage will stem many problems in both the short run and the long run, it is an issue of discrimination if we were to put a law banning gay marriage. Currently the United States are split up with some states supporting gay marriage and others that do not. There are 19 states that have legalized gay marriage and there are 31 states that have made gay marriage illegal. While those who oppose gay marriage have their reasons, those reasons are unjust and an infringement on the rights of the citizens of the United States. We are the land of the free with the right to the pursuit of happiness. There are many issues concerning the banning of gay marriage. We the people are protected under the First Amendment of the Constitution which states that the people’s religious views are protected. Haters of gay marriage claim that marriage is sanctioned by the church and that it is a sin in regards to their religion and their bible. But that is exactly the point. In the United States we are a diverse community. There are so many different religions in the United States that we have cease to acknowledge just one religion, in fact, we have never just acknowledged just one religion. Using the church and the bible to outcast gay marriage is an act of discrimination and a violation to those people’s individual rights. History has proven that acceptance of minority groups has led to a more unified nation where people from different ethnicity or culture can mingle together in one society. The issue of slavery has been handled and now African americans co-exist with our societ y just like any other person. The issue of interracial marriage has been handled and now there are happy families with different cultures living a normal life just like anyone else. What gives anyone the right to claim that gay marriage won’t yield the same result? There are also benefits that married couples have that gay married couples do not have when their marriage isn’t recognized. Marriage status affects many things such as tax filing status, joint ownerships in property, insurance benefits, and  critical medical decisions. Some people argue that people may take advantage of this situation by abusing the system to gain benefits for themselves. That may be true, however, how can you deny those who legitimately want the benefits because they are truthfully married without a second hidden agenda? If one member of the couple had a serious medical emergency and needed their spouse approval for a surgery what would happen if they were not allowed to make that decision? It’s unfair to deny gay married couples their right to the benefits we have because people don’t approve of them. These people want to live a normal life just as much as we do. In fact it is not their chose that they have to live this way. Studies have evidence that homosexuality is caused by biological reasons. During fetal development there are switches that trigger which impacts sexual development regarding their sexuality and other various sexual characteristics such as masculinity and femininity traits. Individuals in gay couples have either stronger masculine or feminine characteristics due to this. People with medical disorders are also born in this exact way so why do we discriminate against gay couples? They did not choose to be born this way. They just were. If we discriminate against gay couples then we might as well discriminate against everybody with medical disorders as well. If you think about it, our society provides an undesirable living condition for gay couples. People make fun of them; gay bashers beat people up, and many other cruel things. Why would people choose to live that lifestyle if they could help it? These people cannot deny their true nature and we are discriminating on them because of it. One of the most important reasons why gay marriage should be allowed is because marriage is about more than just a title of two people being bounded by law. Marriage is the ultimate expression of love between two people who want to live the rest of their lives with the person they love the most. Marriage is a sacred concept that is the ultimate form of love. We allow a man and a woman to express that symbolic nature of love, therefore, it is unfair to deny gay couples the right to express their love as well. A man and a woman are not the only two entities that can love each other. A man and a man or a woman and a woman can love each other just as much as a man and a woman can. What some gay couples will do is go to a state that has legalized gay marriage and get married there. Then if they go to any other state the state has to recognize their marriage because of the Full Faith and Credit Clause  protected by the Constitution. Therefore, there is a massive loop hole in the system, however, one that is protected by our federal constitution. Other loop holes in society are abused and fixed because it is against the law. But in this case, the loop hole is protected so why should we even deal with the hassle it causes? If people can get around the system through this method then we should just legalize gay marriage overall. If people are willing to go through all the trouble just to get their marriage recognize why do we have to cause so much hassle for them when technically the process is protected by the constitution? It feels like the people are trying to put so many restrictions on gay marriage in hopes that we will succumb to the pressure and give up. But if its regarding the peoples individual rights as American citizens we should stand up and fight in what is right. The north fought against slavery because they believe it was the right thing to do. Look how much that effort has yield in the present day. Racism has died down to a minimal and we are all able to coexist and accept one another in one society. Another issue that is controversial is the upbringing of children in gay couples. They argue that children should have a father figure and a mother figure for the best upbringing possible. However, what measures a person’s ability to raise a child? Two men or women could raise a child just as well as a woman and man can. We are placing assumptions that they would not be capable to raise a child well. Some people argue that children would not be able to develop in a normal way growing up. But if we take a look at factors that could contribute to the possible hardships of these children, society itself places hardships on these gay couples. These children of gay couples get picked on because society outcasts people with gay parents. Society enables people to view gay couples different. If society accepted gay couples then these children would be able to endure their childhood growing up without any extra hardships. It is unfair to make claims that children are affected by gay ma rriage when we cause problems ourselves. How can we really know if gay marriage affects children before we stop bashing on gay marriage? Another issue with gay marriage is the claims that divorce is higher within gay marriage couples. Massachusetts was the first state to legalize gay marriage in 2004. In 2008 it had lowest divorce rate in the country. And between 2003 to 2008 its divorce rate had declined by 21 percent. Divorce happens to everybody including between a man and a woman.  People are claiming that gay marriage have high divorce rates when it is not necessarily true. Anybody who targets a specific group will notice their statistical facts more than the general society when in reality its not different than everybody in general. Also the divorce rate should not even be an issue. Why do people divorce in the first place? It is because they are not happy with their partner whether it be they were unfaithful or they were not the ones for each other. Regardless, people divorce because they have not found their true happiness with their partner yet. And there is no difference between a man and a woman divorcing for those reasons versus two men or two women divorcing for those reasons. It is the people†™s right to divorce just like any other issue we frown upon or do not approve. American needs to stop discriminating against issues that are not pertinent to the well-being of society and focus more on issues like crime, poverty, and foreign policy issues. Gay marriage should be allowed in all states. A lot of issues would be solved if this was the case. America has fought over and over to protect the minorities against the majority. We are a nation of the majority, but protect the minority. That is why people from around the world want to come live in the United States. We are fighting against what we symbolize as a nation and it is hypocritical to our actions in the past when we fought against slavery or interracial marriages. If we take a look at other countries that have legalized gay marriage for decades there has not been any issues in those countries. People fear that gay marriage will upon the gates for other marriages such as incest marriage, marriage to animals, and so on. But our fellow countries who have done it for longer than us have not encountered such problems. It is not fair to act on assumptions which we do not even know will happen and infringe on the rights of American citizens to pursue their own happiness in gay marriage. Our constitution and bill of rights protect us and enable us to chase our dreams. Fighting against gay marriage is fighting against the law we have fought and protected for centuries. Gay marriage should be legalized on a federal level and the states should not have the right to control whether or not gay marriage is legal or banned. Just like how there was an amendment passed to stop the discrimination against blacks gay marriage should be treated the same way.  There is no difference between the two. Stop with the discriminating and lets come together as a whole society. Sources Wikipedia (2014): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_Faith_and_Credit_Clause ProCon (2014): http://gaymarriage.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=004857 Zach Ford (2014): http://thinkprogress.org/lgbt/2012/12/11/1318311/study-finds-biological-causes-for-homosexuality/ Joe Messerli (2014): http://www.balancedpolitics.org/same_sex_marriages.htm ProCon (2014): http://gaymarriage.procon.org/ John Corvino; Maggie Gallagher(2012): Debating Same-Sex Marriage Praeger (2003): Marriage and Same-Sex Unions: A Debate Michael Mello(2004): Legalizing Gay Marriage

Jane Elliots Experiment Compare and Contrast

Jane Elliots Experiment Compare and Contrast A Class Divided is one of the most popular documentaries, which discuss the ideas of discrimination among people. It is an experiment, conducted by Jane Elliot, an American 3rd Grade students’ teacher, is about the division of the group into two subgroups according to the color of their eyes: blue eye group and brown eye group.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Elliot’s Experiment: Compare and Contrast specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mrs. Elliot’s experiments with 3rd grade students and with adults have lots in common and certain differences, which may be classified according to such concepts like social groups, their sizes, leadership styles, and formal organization. Elliot’s control over the members of the groups plays a very important role and proves that those, who have certain power, can easily impose different ideas on people and make these people change their minds within short periods of time. The main idea of Jane Elliot’s experiment is to teach people about racism and prejudice, and demonstrate how stereotyping may change people’s lives once and forever. The members of the group, who are called superior, have to behave and feel like they are superior in everything. Those members, who are defined as inferior, have to behave in the inferior ways. The results of this experiment demonstrate how simple words without proper grounds, but told by powerful people, may influence people’s behavior and attitudes to other people. In both experiments, secondary social groups were chosen. These groups were later divided into two out-groups, where one social group felt opposition to another. However, the difference that lies between these two social groups of young students and adults is their relations to each other. When young students got to know that some of them were superior above the others, they could use power to prove their ideas and conv ict the â€Å"inferiors†. And the adult group of people used mostly words and superior tone to demonstrate their higher positions. Jane Elliot used formal organization according to which she created groups, which had to achieve certain goals and prove their positions and the rights, the members of the groups had. They were normative formal organizations because each member of those groups joined voluntary in order to achieve a worthwhile aim and comprehend that racism was the problem to solve immediately. When the sizes of the groups are huge enough, it is necessary to clear up the type of leadership.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In both cases, the teacher performed the functions of an instrumental leader: she created a goal, and, by means of the orders and rewards, controlled the situation. When the 3rd grade students were under the experiment, the teacher g ave an order that blue eye students had priorities, and brown eye students did not have the right to command or express personal discontent. In general, there were not leaders within the groups, this is why the teacher was the only one leader and performed her instrumental leadership functions in a proper way. To my mind, during students’ experiment, the teacher used authoritarian leadership style, because she gave orders and students had to obey, because of her high position. In the case with adults, the teacher took laissez-faire style and provided the members with a chance to run the situation and communicate. In general, the experiment, conducted by Mrs. Elliot, helped to comprehend how unfair and prejudiced people of any age could be. These experiments proved that words have unbelievable power over people; and if these words are told by a person with certain authority, people may obey them in different ways and even use power over the others. In any case, the control mec hanisms did not actually vary in experiments for adults and for young students. Mrs. Elliot made a right decision to use words as the main controlling means over people and was successful with her experiments. A Class Divided. Pt.1 4 Aug. 2008. Web. A Class Divided. Pt.2 4 Aug. 2008. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Elliot’s Experiment: Compare and Contrast specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A Class Divided. Pt.3 4 Aug. 2008. Web. A Class Divided. Pt.4 4 Aug. 2008. Web.

Euthanasia For life essays

Euthanasia For life essays In the magazine article entitled We Are Not Immune written by Ronald J. Glasser M.D. He discusses diseases, viruses and epidemics to Americans health. He argues that no matter what we do to prevent these sicknesses, we will never be immune. He also explains how the United States of America is not the best country for health care, contrary to popular belief. With all the money Americans spend on health care every year every one should be covered, but this is not the case in America. Meaning that the government is not doing enough to help its citizens. There are many things we can analysis in this lengthy article. The author is a doctor who is very knowledgeable on many aspects of medicine on people. He argues that the causes of illness in America are due to many factors. Not only are we to blame it is mostly the governments fault, for not giving accurate resources for its citizens to rely on. There are many premises the author of this article points out to the reader. 1. A public health system is only as strong as its weakest link. - Meaning that the health system is not as strong as we actually think it is. 2. Public-health departments across the country have never recovered from decades of cutbacks and downsizing. - The health system is still weak from tragedies. 3. Crytosporidium made its way to humans through runoffs from farmlands. - If we focused more of the causes we wouldnt need to focus on inventing a cure. I believe that the authors claims and evidence in this article is indeed very deductive and is producing an overall good argument on his points. Medical historians describe the last few decades as the age of the emerging plagues. Overpopulation, poverty, ecological devastation and of these factors conspire to create the conditions for unprecedented death by infectious disease (Glasser 1). I believe this quote is saying ...

Analysing The Universality Of Human Rights Philosophy Essay

Analysing The Universality Of Human Rights Philosophy Essay Abstract:This paper aims to critically study and assess the different perspectives on the universality of human rights,and locate the position of the perspectives according to Dembour’s four schools of thoughts. The perspectives of human rights on cultural divesity and linguistic diversity have also been emphasized upon here. Universality of Human Rights & its Different Pespectives Human Rights are rights that one is entitled to enjoy simply because of thefact that he is a human being. These are equal and inalienable for all , and cannot be denied to anyone human in nature and form. Thus they are Universal in nature, and function as a legitimate standard for a political system. This ofcourse willlead to a discussion of being ‘human’ and enjoying the human rights(Donelly 2003). Being Human beings, everyone deserves to enjoy certain rights after fulfilling certain obligations to the society. These fulfillment of obligations are based on morality of the people as an individual and as a class, judged by the society at large and then being endowed with certain privileges to be enjoyed in the form of Political rights. Rectitude and entitlement, the two aspects of a right, are directed towards a preset standard of conduct, which bings forth the duty and obligation that an individual is expected to perform, and calls for individual and universal attention towards righteousness . Performance of this duty entitles the individual to enjoy the et of privileges in the form of a ‘right’. To have a right to something, makes one entltled to own the sole authority to enjoy it, denial or repression of which entitles one to have special claim for justice. Rights enjoyed by one cannot be reduced because it clashes with correlative duties of another, neither can it be reduced for enjoying a benefit. Hence, rights give authority to its holders , and not just benefits( Donelly 2003). Rights are meant to be exercised, enjoyed, respected, and enforced. These are the four principle dimensions of a right. Respecting ones rights gives other the privelege of enjoying and asserting his own rights, otherwise it is liable to be questioned , threatened or denied. A violation of a right is an injustice doneto someone, and is subject to distinctive force and remedial logic(Donelly 2003). Ludwig Wittgenstein, the analytical philosopher propagated that a concept should not be defined by what one thinks it means , but by its meaning and practice in everyday life. One should rather analyse facts on the basis of observation, rather than thinking. This led to the introduction of his concept of Family Resemblance The concept of Human rights when approached through the family resemblance matrix, highlight the following factors: Morality Their existence disregarding social recognition Possessed by every human being Their arbitrariness Emergence through political and social struggle Their usage for political communication Servitude to bourgeois Basis on human nature Bear a socio-legal concensus Ability toget transformed into legal rights ( Dembour 2006). Dembour argues that , although most people believe in the combination of the first three factors as the essential element of the concept of Human Rights, or that human rights exist irrespective of bein having social recognition as every man is deemed to enjoy it being human beings as the rights are framed on the basis of human nature, it should not be assumed that it rests on a socio- legal consensus, or bears arbitrariness in its state. He believes that Human Rights have come into existence as result of force of language use, and believes that they would cease to exist if conversation ordiscussions about them die down Different competingconcepts of Human rights exist inthe society,and people fight to establish their own opinions disregarding others. Donelly’s concept og Human Rights though is encouraging for many, but highlight some political or intellectual inadequacie s in termsof moral integrity in his book Universal Rights in Theory and Practice. Harsher’s Philosphy Of Human Rights points out that Human Rights demands that every single individual’s dignity is considered in an existing political norm, where one individual’s security of Human Rights leads to the security of another , mankifesting this security to an indefinite expanse and time in the society(Dembour 2006).

Ashes by Edvard Munch and Abstractoin by Juan Gris Essay

Ashes by Edvard Munch and Abstractoin by Juan Gris - Essay Example The mural print is a depiction of a man and a woman in a forest that is dusky. The atmosphere in the picture is relatively gloomy filled with both hopelessness and despair. The trees and the existence of a man and a woman can be interpreted to be a form of a romantic adventure. However, the adventure may have been crippled by a misfortune. The woman has her hands on her red, long hair while standing at the center of the picture. The frowned face is filled with desolation and despair while the direction of her eyes is towards the audience (viewer). Apparently, she is regretting something. On the other hand, the man has his hand on his head while sitting on the left corner of the picture. The tone of his face is apparently not only sickly but also green. In fact, the man appears to be so hopeless that his pace can’t face the viewer. The dress that the woman has on her is white and it is half unbuttoned. Inside the white dress, one can glimpse at the red undergarment . The colors depicted in Munch’s work can be interpreted in several ways. According to my interpretation, white is used to represent innocence of the woman in question while the red one can be a symbol of either love or passion or even romance. As for black, which is normally associated with negativity, symbolizes either death or sorrow. The green painting on the man’s face expresses a disturbed state of the mind and a sad mood. Interestingly, a clear look at the picture using high definition quality glasses indicates that there is lack.

South Africa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

South Africa - Research Paper Example According to the research paper "South Africa" findings, South Africa has been inhabited by modern humans for approximately 170 000years, with the two historically dominant groups being the Zulu and Xhosa people. The Dutch colonized South Africa in 1652. Slave transport from Madagascar, Indonesia and India by the Dutch colonists led to increased migration into South Africa. The discovery of gold and diamonds led to conflicts between the Boers and the British, with British and Boer settlers claiming land in the East and North of the country (Fox, 2008). This, in turn, caused conflicts with the Zulu, Xhosa and the Afrikaner groups, mainly for territory. The Zulu grew in strength in the early 19th century, under Shaka the Zulu, and expanded their territory, which ultimately led to the crushing of the1820s, and the rise of the Matebele, under Mzilikazi. In 1830, the Boers, also Voortrekkers, migrated to Orange Free State, Natal and Transvaal region, to get away from British rule and foun ded states in these regions. The mineral revolution of 1867 and 1884 increased immigration and intensified the subjugation by the European settlers of the indigenous people (Fox, 2008). The South African Union was formed by the 1909 South Africa act, following three and a half years of negotiating, becoming a British Empire dominion. The 1913 natives’ land act restricted quite severely indigenous ownership of land. Following a referendum, solely by whites, South Africa gained republic status and the British monarchy was no longer head of state. With legislation for apartheid, most western countries boycotted doing business with South Africa. Nelson Mandela was jailed, and released after 27 years, when he negotiated the end of apartheid. This led, in 1994 to universal elections, won by the ANC (Fox, 2008). South Africa, however, still continues to suffer from chronic unemployment, especially among its indigenous population, and a rising number of poor white citizens. With info rmation and knowledge, it is hoped that Kelly Services will better understand the people of South Africa and the dynamics of their relationships; economically, politically and socially. Dress Code and Business Etiquette In South African banks, companies and other business enterprises, businessmen dress in suits, or if the weather is hot, as it often is, the dress code can sometimes be casual. During summer, men dress in suits, with short-sleeved shirts under their coats, and when they leave the office, they normally discard their stifling coats (Fox, 2008). During meetings business and casual encounters, South Africans shake hands, with firm handshakes being preferable and appreciated. It is also part of the South African culture to acknowledge and address persons of advanced age first. Meetings are also held on appointment, with the South African people valuing punctuality (Fox, 2008). Negotiations are also accepted as a method of doing business in South Africa, although the people prefer to close the deal straight away. It is also necessary to note that they value the generation of realistic figures in these negotiations, with prices

Operations and Logistics Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Operations and Logistics Management - Case Study Example It seeks to achieve these objectives by facilitating a culture where teams of employees are sufficiently motivated to work together to revisit working practices in an effort to monitor their performance and make changes for the better. Operations management is an area of business where one is concerned with the production of his/her goods and the services s/he provides. Operations management focuses on carefully managing the processes to produce and distribute products and services. Usually, small businesses don't talk about "operations management", but they carry out the activities that management schools typically associate with the phrase "operations management." Major, overall activities often include product creation, development, production and distribution. (These activities are also associated with Product and Service Management. However product management is usually in regard to one or more closely related product - that is, a product line. Operations management is in regard to all operations within the organization.). Related activities include managing purchases, inventory control, quality control, storage, logistics and evaluations. The best option for Organization A is the Material Requirements Planning (MRP). The MRP is a software-based production planning and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes. An MRP system is intended to simultaneously meet 3 objectives: ensure materials and products are available for production and delivery to customers. maintain the lowest possible level of inventory. plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules and purchasing activities. All manufacturing organizations, whatever their products face the same daily practical problem - that customers want products to be available in a shorter time than it takes to make them. Companies need to control the types and quantities of materials they purchase, plan which products are to be produced and in what quantities and ensure that they are able to meet current and future customer demand, all at the lowest possible cost. If a company purchases insufficient quantities of an item used in manufacturing, or the wrong item, they may be unable to meet contracts to supply products by the agreed date. If a company purchases excessive quantities of an item, money is being wasted - the excess quantity ties up cash while it remains as stock and may never even be used at all. This is a particularly severe problem for food manufacturers and companies with very short product life cycles. However, some purchased items will have a minimum quantity that must be met, therefore, purchasing e xcess is necessary. (http://www.me.utexas.edu) MRP is used by many organizations as a tool to deal with these problems. This applies to items that are bought in and to sub-assemblies that go into more complex items. There are two kinds of output. Output 1 is the "Recommended Production Schedule" which lays out a detailed schedule of the required minimum start and completion dates, with quantities, for each step of the Routing and Bill Of Material required to satisfy the demand from the MPS. Output 2 is the

Terms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Terms - Essay Example For example Cool Sweats can refute the allegation by showing that George violated the company rules by charging personal expenses on the company credit card (Steingold, 2015). Accusation - It is closer to an allegation. An accusation is where one employee is said to have committed an atrocity again his company or fellow employee. It is closer to certainty even though just like an allegation, it requires verification. Ambiguity – It points not presented logically to necessitate understanding. A report by an employee may be ambiguous to mean that it does not clearly state or explain its intentions. Ambiguous laws often let the criminals off the hook. The burden of proof – It is the commitment to substantiate claims made in the court of law or employment disciplinary hearing. The accuser or accused is required to convince the panel of judges. In most cases, the person bringing forth the accusation has to prove by way of evidence that they are true, and the other party is guilty. The opportunity to present facts is the burden of proof. Coercion – It is the use of unethical means to find or receive what an individual wants. It is the convincing of one individual to issue information or material that was not intended. It is in intended to gain

Individual Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Individual Case Analysis - Essay Example The precise ways in which a brand adds value can be recognised through gaining knowledge about the sources of brand equity (Keller, n.d.). In relation to the provided case scenario related to Red Bull, it can be comprehended that the company focused on the aspect of creating brand awareness as well as establishing their brand image. These two facets are the key sources of their brand equity. Development of the source of brand awareness has facilitated Red Bull to develop its brand equity. Red Bull has especially focused on the element of brand recall. Brand recall refers to the customers’ capability to distinguish a particular brand within different circumstances (Keller, n.d.). . With this notion, Red Bull concentrated on designing its products attractively. Moreover, within its growth strategy the company entered new markets by taking a slow method to optimize the anticipation as well as buzz from the company (Das, 2012). This was a key strategy to build brand equity of the company. Moreover, it focused on inventing the aspect of functional energy within the beverage category segment which facilitated it to create a distinct brand image among the customers. It also focused on above-the-line strategy with regard to marketing aspect to draw the attention of its customers. It created an eye-catching logo of two red bulls and a yellow sun. The animated message reinforced the value of Red Bull as a drink that gives an individual ‘wings’ i.e. it energizes the person. This has been the main notion conveyed by the company to its consumers which is the key source of brand equity for the company (Kumar & Robert 1988). Incorporation of a distinct flavour and packaging along with positioning were the other major facets for the company that facilitated it to develop its brand equity. In terms of packaging, under the logo of the company, highlighting the aspect of energy drink was a major consideration by the company. Moreover, it positioned the brand a s revitalizing substance for body and mind. The product started to create a buzz as a mixer element in varied markets, however, the company primarily attempted to go beyond this aspect and appeal to a broader section of consumers especially the young ones (Rehman, 2011). The company also concentred on participating in different events and sporting activities which substantially boosted up its name and logo, which are the imperative elements for success of a company in terms of augmenting its brand equity. Q:2. Analysis of Red Bull’s Marketing Programs in Terms of how it contributes to the Brand’s Equity Red Bull is using uncongenial adverting policies, as it has uniquely positioned itself in the beverage industry. Its distinctive positioning has allowed it to detain a significant amount of brand recognition in different nations. The company focused on creating a sense of mystique amid its customers through its marketing program. It initially focused on word-of-mouth tr aditional method of advertising technique, however, it wanted to spread the awareness of the brand even more (Collins & Rusktad, 2008). Red Bull’s promotion strategies had facilitated it to flourish in the facets of market share, income, and units sold (Sarah, 2009). Exceptional positioning strategies were focused on by the company by targeting high-school and colleges going

Goal statement, which states my purpose for applying to graduate Personal Statement

Goal , which states my purpose for applying to graduate school, choice of specialty and role, and future plan - Personal Statement Example For one of the projects, I had to write an essay as to why I was pursuing higher education. As a woman, from a cultural background where education for women was not significant, as they were considered only as homemakers this topic was of interest to me. This class was a revelation to me, as it motivated me to empower myself, develop knowledge and skills in my career as well as being confident in my practice. It as well encouraged me to go into the community and serve the people that were underserved. I am privileged to work as a Med Surg nurse on a general medicine floor in one of the best teaching hospitals in the country. This experience has made me grow professionally and personally. It gave me the prospect to work with a varied cluster of patients and their families with varying diagnosis and from various socioeconomic cultures. Additionally, I interacted with members of the hospital’s multidisciplinary team made up of staff members from various departments, as we coordinated and ensured that patients got safe and ultimate care they deserve. This was an immense learning experience. Working in the hospital has been an elevating experience. It has helped me in understanding the theoretical and practical aspects of nursing, which is caring of a patient as a whole. It has also formed the foundation for me to center my dreams of a passionate nurse that I am as I embark in the nurse practitioner role. I am interested of being a family nurse practitioner because after having the opportunity to interact with so many people while working at the hospital, I find being involved with a diverse population inspiring. I would like to work with the entire family of all ages from pediatric to the geriatric population. This aspiration was further strengthened in me after attending to 57-year-old patient diagnosed with end stage liver disease and encephalopathy and was struggling

Individual Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Individual Case Analysis - Essay Example The precise ways in which a brand adds value can be recognised through gaining knowledge about the sources of brand equity (Keller, n.d.). In relation to the provided case scenario related to Red Bull, it can be comprehended that the company focused on the aspect of creating brand awareness as well as establishing their brand image. These two facets are the key sources of their brand equity. Development of the source of brand awareness has facilitated Red Bull to develop its brand equity. Red Bull has especially focused on the element of brand recall. Brand recall refers to the customers’ capability to distinguish a particular brand within different circumstances (Keller, n.d.). . With this notion, Red Bull concentrated on designing its products attractively. Moreover, within its growth strategy the company entered new markets by taking a slow method to optimize the anticipation as well as buzz from the company (Das, 2012). This was a key strategy to build brand equity of the company. Moreover, it focused on inventing the aspect of functional energy within the beverage category segment which facilitated it to create a distinct brand image among the customers. It also focused on above-the-line strategy with regard to marketing aspect to draw the attention of its customers. It created an eye-catching logo of two red bulls and a yellow sun. The animated message reinforced the value of Red Bull as a drink that gives an individual ‘wings’ i.e. it energizes the person. This has been the main notion conveyed by the company to its consumers which is the key source of brand equity for the company (Kumar & Robert 1988). Incorporation of a distinct flavour and packaging along with positioning were the other major facets for the company that facilitated it to develop its brand equity. In terms of packaging, under the logo of the company, highlighting the aspect of energy drink was a major consideration by the company. Moreover, it positioned the brand a s revitalizing substance for body and mind. The product started to create a buzz as a mixer element in varied markets, however, the company primarily attempted to go beyond this aspect and appeal to a broader section of consumers especially the young ones (Rehman, 2011). The company also concentred on participating in different events and sporting activities which substantially boosted up its name and logo, which are the imperative elements for success of a company in terms of augmenting its brand equity. Q:2. Analysis of Red Bull’s Marketing Programs in Terms of how it contributes to the Brand’s Equity Red Bull is using uncongenial adverting policies, as it has uniquely positioned itself in the beverage industry. Its distinctive positioning has allowed it to detain a significant amount of brand recognition in different nations. The company focused on creating a sense of mystique amid its customers through its marketing program. It initially focused on word-of-mouth tr aditional method of advertising technique, however, it wanted to spread the awareness of the brand even more (Collins & Rusktad, 2008). Red Bull’s promotion strategies had facilitated it to flourish in the facets of market share, income, and units sold (Sarah, 2009). Exceptional positioning strategies were focused on by the company by targeting high-school and colleges going

United States History Essay Example for Free

United States History Essay The political, economic and social background of English colonialism during the period of 1603-1763 in North America envisions the great thought of European period of exploration because of its ever-forgotten influence in the New World. In early sixteenth century, many colonies were established in North America and among them the Southern and Central areas of English settlement were discovered to benefit more profit from their landlords of English kingdom. As the colonies maintained the international plan of trade extraction, they have close allegiance with indigenous population. The importance of changing economic and political relationships between the Indians and Englishmen seemed to be an essential issue in the history of North America. It created a sensation to develop the growth of awareness in both Whites and Indians because of their business contacts. To protect themselves and to maintain the business of commercial extractions and to maintain the freedom of religious beliefs, the colonies were established a democratic government during their ruling time period in England. Because of close contact with indigenous population of North America, colonists were faced with varied set of societies who were fundamentally different from the societies in Europe. Most of the colonists treated the native people as ferocious and envisioned them as an icon to structure the society. In a work, The Rediscovery of North America (1990), Lopez says, †¦ the physical destruction of a local landscape to increase the wealth of people who dont live there, or to supply materials to buyers in distant places who will never know the destruction that process leaves behind . The main feature that resulted by English colonization was massive immigration, which brought out the concept of multiculturalism. Broadly speaking, colonialism forms the economic and political strategies of domination with the principles self-government over the population. The other essential feature of English colonization in North America in the period of 1607-1763 was the European global expansionism, which was treated in late fifteenth century with an emphasis on English expansionism in North America. Basically, the European immigration to the America had been studied in histories, diaries and classics. The main purpose of European immigration to America may be to get freedom from religious discrimination and to develop economic strategy. The negative aspect, by the European settlers when entered the America during fifteenth century was lose of population by dreadful diseases like small pox, measles. Because of this reason, European settlement drastically reduced the North America population. As the colonists brought a wide range of deadly diseases from European cities and spread in North America, most of the people of North America were suffered, as they had no immunity to protect from dreadful diseases. Because of the European settlement, the North America faced many critical situations by colonization. Thus the struggle between European imperial powers and the social, economic, and political issues of late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in North America were remained as the memorable milestone in American history. On the other side, the invasion of European global expansionism brought out the Western civilization in the New World, by the introduction of four major common languages. 1) English 2) Spanish 3) Portuguese 4) French. The colonies introduced many European concepts to the Americas such as European written form of communication, their form of government, and European technological knowledge of science, medicine and art to develop the world to a great extent. Hence the English colonization in North America was placed a dynamic position into the global political economy in the period 1603-1763 and became as a source of narrative to many authors to portray the ever last moment of American history. References: Lopez, Barry. The Rediscovery of North America. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1990. Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral ideal in America . New York: Oxford University Press, 1964. McCall, Barbara. The European Invasion. (Native American Culture. Jordan E. Kerber, series editor. ) Rourke Publications, Inc. , 1994. Roger L. Nichols. The American Indian: Past and Present, 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill, 1992. Wood, Marion. DOttavi, Francesca, illus. Myths and Civilization of the Native Americans. Peter Bedrick Books, 1998.

Impact of Brexit on Cross-Cultural Management Practices

Impact of Brexit on Cross-Cultural Management Practices Critically analyse the long-term impact of Brexit for cross-cultural management practices in Europe. Consider the impact and issues for businesses from both the UK and other EU-partner perspectives. On 23rd of June 2016, United Kingdom (UK) had held Brexit referendum in desire of leaving European Union (EU) (Ford and Goodwin, 2017). The outcome of the referendum was 51.9% of British citizens voted leave EU, whilst 48.1% had voted to remain within EU (Hunt and Wheeler, 2017). The verdict of referendum to withdraw from the membership of EU, will have a huge impact to the country’s cross cultural relationship with the prime trade partner EU. This assignment has been prepared to critically analyse the long-term impacts of Brexit for cross-cultural management practices; the focus will be on the UK healthcare sector and how they will be enforced to cultural change, (Mundasad, 2017). Following onto UK banking sector and finishing off with summary on the impact of UK airline industry within EU. This essay will start off by an introduction regarding about the UK’s healthcare sector which will be the main focus of the essay; following on with brief implications on the UK banking sector and Low cost Airline industry. Describing how the healthcare sector will be hugely impacted by losing highly trained staff after Brexit, as majority of the nurses and doctors come from the EU to join UK’s healthcare sector. Furthermore this essay will analyse and identify the major impacts of cross culture management after Brexit. The main three effects of Brexit in the long run will be in regards to international staffing which includes: ‘immigration’,‘re-expatriation’ and ‘labour market’. These three difficulties will be linked to the long term impacts of Brexit and on the global staffing issue, this will be backed up with models to interpret and recognise the disputes. The word Brexit has been used throughout media and is a media terminology which has been used to show the exit of UK from EU. ‘Brexit’ has been created by combining two of the initial words of Britain with the word exit (James, 2016). The main question that was brought up to British citizens for the referendum was: â€Å"Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?† (Green, 2017).   The parliament gave the option for the public to decide whether it is best to leave EU, knowing the fact that the general public had no knowledge on the long-term impacts of Brexit and how it will bring challenges for the upcoming generations.  Ã‚   One of the challenges for Brexit that will impact the health care sector is global staffing that will be ‘immigration’. Before Brexit, UK was part of the EU and participated within the EU’s policies in relation to free movement of people. This allowed the healthcare sector to recruit their employees from any country within EU and permitted the citizens to move freely between EU and UK so they could work and live in their desired place. The latest statistics shows that the healthcare sector, has roughly around 55,000 recruits which come from EU countries (Fenton, 2016).   Conversely, because of the impact of Brexit there is a vulnerability that the privilege to freedom of movement would still relate to the EU citizens (Rankin, 2016). Many of the employees who work within the healthcare sector are categorised as ‘third-country nationals’ on their applications, these employees are mainly on a work visa in the UK.   However, after Brexit things will change and many of these ‘third-country nationals’ would be hugely impacted than the EU citizens that work in UK (Barnard, 2017). Because of this, the effects on global staffing of talent and ability planning within the healthcare sector occurs. Knowing that the implication of Brexit will lead to immigration issues, causing staff shortage within different industries, the healthcare sector should look into this matter and decide on different recruitment procedures whether they should make or buy the skilled force. Altogether, for a short period of time it will be best for the healthcare sector to make their talent rather than buying. It is smarter for the healthcare sector to concentrate on the internal labour markets after Brexit, on the grounds that this will build the dedication of employees in the job they do and giving them greater security so that they do not fear the consequences of Brexit. Since the matter of Brexit arose, the healthcare sector would in any case still want to keep their staff, as majority of these are EU national staff and are usually doctors or nurses that are highly skilled and qualified to serve the people of UK. For the healthcare sector to avoid any negative consequences which will begin to impact after the negotiations and agreement of Brexit, they should prepare themselves beforehand in regards to handling the workforce and retaining employees. Another challenge of Brexit that impacts the healthcare sector is ‘flexible to labour market’. The meaning of this is that the organisations have more freedom to hire and provide contracts to employees when the demands of work increases, and they have the power to fire the workers when demand of work decreases. On the other hand, healthcare sector has been in stress many times because of shortage in staff to fulfil the needs and providing service to the citizens of UK (Mundasad, 2017). Besides, the verdict of referendum could prompt to having a bigger number of issues than before on recruiting workers in the healthcare sector as majority of these workers are doctors and nurses who are recruited from EU nations (Triggle, 2016). When non-EU nationals apply to work within UK, they have to follow the ‘points-based system’ which causes difficulties in recruiting employees other than EU nationals (Landou, 2016). Once the Brexit is settled, there will be a risk off EU’s freedom of movement to be removed and this could cause huge implications on the healthcare sector as this will put on boundaries on recruiting employees, therefore this will lead to a huge deficiency of workers. These implications will affect the capacity of the employees who bring the right skills and abilities that is required by the healthcare sector. Therefore, to beat this issue it will be best for the healthcare sector to send their employees on an international project so they could develop on their skills and knowledge. The final implication after Brexit for the healthcare sector is ‘re-expatriation’, where the organisation will need to take to think through. The issues about freedom of movement as specified above, British residents who have decided to work and live in another country within Europe will fear their healthcare and right to remain will vanish post-Brexit (Carroll, 2016). Furthermore, British expats who work abroad within the EU could face difficulties if the country they’re at ask the expats to comply and act upon their prohibitive guidelines with regards to licenses, permits and setting up firms. Therefore, this could cause them in losing their right to work in EU countries and will need to gain a permitted stay to continue staying within the EU area because of the new policy that may be applied after Brexit. Thus, the effects of global staffing within the healthcare sector will be influenced. Conversely, if all the UK expats that live and work within EU nations are to return back to the UK following the post-Brexit, then it is conceivable that it will make it more difficult for new expats to look for some kind of employment within UK (Burton, 2016). Furthermore, the UK expats who work and live within the EU nations are entitled to free healthcare service but once Brexit is completed and agreed this will be affected and the right for free healthcare could be taken away (Parfitt, 2016). Expatriates give a lot of benefits to the firms which incorporates more prominent parent control and the right sets of aptitudes. It is believed that this is seen to provide greater prospects for personal and career development. With the post-Brexit, the expats are disturbed on playing out their parts and tasks bringing about the disappointment of expatriates. Precisely, re-expatriations will have complications on adjusting themselves when they return to UK. For instance, after the referendum and agreements majority of the expats will be required to return back to their birth country which will have an impact on culture, causing an experience of reverse culture shock by getting a habit of working and adjusting their life in the foreign country they have been sent to work at (Skyes, 2011). Therefore, this will cause the healthcare sector to experience a huge loss on collaboration and investments on expats who are sent to work from different EU countries. Overall, ‘re-expatriation’ will be a big test within the healthcare sector after Brexit primarily looking at the employment and managing role. Additionally, the healthcare sector should look into these long term impacts that have been mentioned above and plan into the future so they could avoid the consequences of managing global staff after Brexit. Now there will be analysis regarding about the banking sector and how Brexit will impact the cross cultural management style. The banking sector is a big sector within the EU and UK, majority of the UK banks work across EU and other international countries such as China and Japan as it is cheaper for non-EU countries to collaborate and work with EU countries rather than individual countries. The main impact on the UK banking sector will be in regards to the loss of â€Å"passporting rights†, a recent report has shown that almost 5,500 organisations in UK mainly rely on the passporting so that they could do business with the EU nations, and over 8,000 organisations of EU rely on passporting for trade with UK (Toptal Finance Blog, 2017). Majority of the banks within the UK are known for working cross-border to provide banking services to people across the globe. With regards to these services, the UK banks cover the needs of borrowing of the firms in various nations; thus, by losing the ‘passporting right’, it will hugely impact the banking sector and will be a challenge to overcome as they will have to terminate their cooperation’s with overseas consumers, a reality that could undermine the banks’ dependability in the market (Ford and Goodwin, 2017; Walsh, 2017). Hence, the banks will suffer a big loss towards cross-border collaboration and investments; so it will be a challenge to bring this up in the negotiations towards Brexit, however UK is leaving the EU so there will be less goodwill towards the negotiations and it will be tough. UK might have two options either to use the Swiss-style or the Norwegian way for Britain to benefit the passporting trade. Therefore the banking sector will need to look into this matter and come up with a solution so that they do not lose their overseas consumers. Ashurst (2016) clarified that the UK banks signifies high percentage of activities with regards to cross-cultural services. The activities are depended on the EU legislations. When the legislations are modernised and amended after Brexit, it could terminate the activities of the banks, this impact would be very hard to be overseen and managed, in both areas of lawful and as of its financial aspects (Ashurst, 2016). Simultaneously, the volume of bad loan under the impact of Brexit is predicted to be profoundly enlarged. The statistics shows that these loans in 2017, was expected to reach up to  £6.9 billion and in 2018 to reach up at  £9.7 billion; this impact will increase the loans by  £2.8 billion within one year (Gros, 2016). The Bank of England had made an announcement on March 2017, warning the banks within UK that they should be well prepared in the case of severe turbulence with the UK’s economy due to the Brexit outcomes; the Bank of England described the turbulences as â€Å"knee-jerk reactions† (Burton, 2017).   This statement that the Bank of England has stated has a negative connotation, they are giving a warning to banks that there will be sudden change within the economy and there will be no time to think about a solution because we do not know what the outcome will turn out to be. The UK is still undergoing their bill with negotiations, this bill will cover all the issues of Brexit and how UK could overcome it by EU been lenient to the bill, however it is predicted that this will cost the UK between  £66 and  £111 billion to complete the process (Lowe, 2017). Furthermore, the foreign investments within the UK business industry has been predicted to reduce by 25% by 2019, because of Brexit effect (Cox et al., 2017). This figure includes one of the Brexit cost. A survey conducted amongst the UK’s most influential businesses have exposed that the impact of Brexit on businesses within UK have been negative by far (Ross & Meakin, 2017). At the moment only in the result of the verdict UK have had negative effects on businesses but when the negotiations have been completed and Brexit is finalised this will severely impact the UK’s economy. Conversely, it is believed that the exit of EU will benefit the UK but in the long term. As the withdrawal from EU nations could potentially increase the UK’s economy as UK will not be included to contribute towards the EU’s assets and expenses. For instance, in 2016 UK had given an amount of  £13.2 billion to EU for the expenses and assets (Begg, 2017). But this benefit to Brexit on UK will take a while to appear. Certainly, UK’s growth has been predicted to be 1.6% in 2018 from 2% in 2017 having a decrease (Kottasova, 2017). PWC a leading accounting firm has produced a report, which the Bank of England has anticipated that they would avoid making any changes to Britain’s financial regulatory policy for a certain amount of time, mainly up until they get closer to the progression of Brexit negotiations (PWC, 2017). In conclusion Brexit will cause several implications on UK, both in a positive and negative scopes. Mainly in the context of economy, as there will be a potential increase of UK to do trade with other countries around the globe as the restrictions to legislations provided by EU will not be applied in UK. However, the Bill may create traffics and barriers between UK and EU trade and would potentially decrease the advantages of UK’s trade liberalisation. Simultaneously, the power of UK to make critical decisions on issues such as immigration, introduction of economy restrictions and involvement with conflicts around the globe would be unconditional. Additionally, it cannot be determined whether the full independency of UK from the rules of EU will be a condition of ‘hard’ Brexit or ‘soft’, if ‘hard’ Brexit is opted then this could potentially be dangerous for UK in several ways, mainly with the issues that have been analysed above. As a matter of fact, the aspects of UK’s economic, political and social environment has created awareness that the benefits of Brexit to the UK is virtually the same to it disadvantages. Therefore, with this nature the accomplishment of ‘soft’ Brexit through the negotiations should be the main aim for the UK’s government so that they could avoid complications in the future. Reference list: Ashurst (2016) Brexit: the potential impact on the UK’s banking industry. (Online). Available at: https://www.ashurst.com/en/news-and-insights/insights/brexit-potential-impact-on-the-uk-banking-industry/ (Accessed 12 Dec 2017). Barnard, C., 2017. Law and Brexit. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 33(suppl_1), pp.S4-S11. Begg, I. (2017) How Much Will Brexit Cost? Chatham House. (Online). Available at: https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/how-much-will-brexit-cost [Accessed 19 Dec 2017]. Burton, L. (2017) Bank of England warns lenders against knee-jerk Brexit reactions. The Telegraph. (Online). Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/03/27/bank-england-check-banks-ready-range-brexit-outcomes/ Burton, L. (2016). Brexit: What does it mean for expats, here and in the EU? BBC News. (Online) BBC News. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-36606847 (Accessed 17 Dec. 2017). Carroll, L. (2016). It terrifies me: Britons in Europe on how Brexit is going to affect them. (Online) the guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/dec/15/britons-expats-europe-how-brexit-affect-them (Accessed 18 Dec. 2017). Cox, J., Chu, B. and Rodionova, Z. (2017) Cost of Brexit: The impact on business and the economy so far. Independent. (Online). Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/brexit-economy-sterling-currency-investment-cost-impact-business-financial-banks-insurance-retail-a7695486.html [Accessed 18 Dec 2017]. Fenton, S. (2016). The government has admitted the NHS could struggle without EU staff following Brexit. (Online) The Independent. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/nhs-could-struggle-post-brexit-without-eu-citizen-staff-department-of-health-officials-admit-a7204551.html (Accessed 15 Dec. 2017). Ford, R. and Goodwin, M. (2017) Britain after Brexit.  Journal of Democracy, 28(1), pp.17-30. Green, D. (2017) The tale of the Brexit referendum question. Financial Times. (Online). Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/b56b2b36-1835-37c6-8152-b175cf077ae8 (Accessed 10 Dec 2017). Gros, D. (2016) How would Brexit affect finance for SMEs? (Online). Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2016/apr/05/how-would-brexit-affect-finance-for-smes [Accessed 18 Dec 2017]. Hunt, A. and Wheeler, B. (2017) Brexit: All you need to know about the UK leaving the EU. BBC News. (Online). Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-32810887 (Accessed 11 December 2017). James, C. (2016) Brexit: What now for Study Mobility between the UK and the EU? Pà ©cs Journal of International and European Law, 2, pp.7-20. Kottasova, I. (2017) What Brexit will cost Britain: More debt, weaker growth and a final bill. CNN Money. (Online). Available at: http://money.cnn.com/2017/03/29/news/economy/brexit-article-50-cost-economy-debt/index.html [Accessed 19 Dec 2017]. Landou, P. (2016). Would Brexit make it harder to hire EU workers?. (online) the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2016/mar/29/would-brexit-make-harder-hire-eu-workers-referendum (Accessed 16 Dec. 2017). Lowe, J. (2017) How Much Will Brexit Cost? U.K. Conservatives Put Brexit Settlement in Manifesto. Newsweek. (Online). Available at: http://www.newsweek.com/brexit-eu-uk-conservative-party-manifesto-2017-how-much-will-brexit-cost-611677 [Accessed 19 Dec 2017]. Mundasad, S. (2017). NHS staff shortages: Why so persistent? BBC News. (Online) BBC News. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-38640068 (Accessed 14 Dec. 2017). Parfitt, T. (2016). Expats in Spain could LOSE right to free healthcare after Brexit vote, PM says. (Online) Express.co.uk. Available at: http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/683708/expats-Brexit-EU-referendum-Spain-Mariano-Rajoy-Jean-Claude-Juncker (Accessed 17 Dec. 2017). PWC (2017) Brexit – Global Insights. (Online). Available at: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/brexit.html [Accessed 19 Dec 2017]. Rankin, J. (2016). Freedom of movement: the wedge that will split Britain from Europe. (Online) the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/06/freedom-of-movement-eu-uk-brexit-negotiations-theresa-may (Accessed 15 Dec. 2017). Ross, T. and Meakin, L. (2017) U.K. Business Says Brexit Already Having a Negative Effect. Bloomberg. (Online). Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-06/u-k-business-says-brexit-is-already-having-a-negative-effect [Accessed 19 Dec 2017]. Skyes, A. (2011). Reverse culture shock: What, when, and how to cope. (Online) Expatica.com. Available at: http://www.expatica.com/nl/moving-to/Moving-home-Reverse-culture-shock_104957.html (Accessed 19 Dec. 2017). Toptal Finance Blog. (2017). The Impact of Brexit on the Financial Services Sector. [Online] Available at: https://www.toptal.com/finance/market-research-analysts/brexit-and-its-effect-on-the-uk-european-and-global-financial-sector [Accessed 19 Dec. 2017]. Triggle, N. (2016). Brexit will make NHS staff shortages worse BBC News. (Online) BBC News. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-36664094 (Accessed 16 Dec. 2017).