Pricing Strategies Essay Example for Free

Pricing Strategies Essay Competition based pricing Setting the price based upon prices of the similar competitor products. Competitive pricing is based on three types of competitive products: * Products having lasting distinctiveness from competitor’s product. Here we can assume * The product has low price elasticity. * The product has low cross elasticity. * The demand for the product will rise. * Products have perishable distinctiveness from competitor’s product, assuming the product features are medium distinctiveness. * Products have little distinctiveness from competitor’s products. Assuming that: * The product has high price elasticity of demand. * The product has some cross elasticity of demand. * No expectation that the demand of the product will rise. Cost plus pricing Cost plus pricing is the simplest pricing method. The firm calculates the cost of producing the product and adds on a percentage (profit) to that price to give the selling price. This method although has two flaws; it takes no account of demand and there is no way of determining if potential customers will purchase the product at the calculated price. AC + Profit markup It is lower than profit maximizing level of pricing Price = Cost of production + Margin of profit Creaming or skimming Selling a product at a high price, sacrificing high sales to gain a high profit, therefore ‘skimming’ the market. Usually employed to reimburse the cost of investment of the original research into the product – commonly used in electronic markets when a new range, such as DVD players, are firstly dispatched into the market at a high price. This strategy is often used to target â€Å"early adopters† of a product or service. These early adopters are relatively less price sensitive because either their need for the product is  more than others or they understand the value of the product better than others. This strategy is employed only for a limited duration to recover most of investment made to build the product. To gain further market share, a seller must use other pricing tactics such as economy or penetration. This method can come with some setbacks as it could leave the product at a high price to competitors. Limit pricing To set a price low enough to ensure that new entrants are discouraged to enter the market. A limit price is the price set by a monopolist to discourage economic entry into a market, and is illegal in many countries. The limit price is the price that the entrant would face upon entering as long as the incumbent firm did not decrease the output. The limit price is often lower than the average cost of production or just low enough to make entering not profitable. The quantity produced by the incumbent firm to act as a deterrent to entry is usually larger than would be optimal for a monopolist, but might still produce higher economic profits than would be earned under perfect competition. The problem with limit pricing as strategic behavior is that once the entrant has entered the market, the quantity used as a threat to deter entry is no longer the incumbent firm’s best response. This means that for limit pricing to be an effective deterrent to entry, the threat must in some way be made credible. A way to achieve this is for the incumbent firm to constrain itself to produce a certain quantity whether entry occurs or not. An example of this would be if the firm signed a union contract to employ a certain (high) level of labour for a long period of time. Loss leader Loss leader: Basic concept in the majority of cases, this pricing strategy is illegal under EU and US Competition rules. No market leader would wish to sell below cost unless this is part of its overall strategy. The idea of selling at a loss may appear to be in the public interest and therefore often not challenged. Only when the leader pushes up prices, it then becomes suspicious. Loss leadership can be similar to predatory pricing or cross subsidization; both seen as anti-competitive practices. Market-orientated pricing Setting a price based upon analysis and research compiled from the targeted market. Also with the cost price. Penetration pricing This price is deliberately set at a low level to gain customer’s interest and establishing a foot-hold in the market. Price discrimination Setting a different price for the same product in different segments of the market. For example, this can be for different ages or for different opening times, such as cinema tickets. Such as market orientated pricing is also a very simple form of pricing used by very new businesses. What is involves is, setting a price of product/service according to research conducted on your target market. It holds good in case of: price sensitive consumers existence of large mass market intence competition in the market.

Dynamic Modeling Laboratory

Dynamic Modeling Laboratory Chapter Three 3. Implementation of model Although the improvement of complex design system involves the development of representations for design tools and mappings, design tool environment models, and project flow definitions, these significant improvements in systems cannot be technologically advanced in isolation. After outlining the various frameworks, the developer(s) of any given model must be able to examine what is under creation to prove that the prototype meets its required purpose standards. For results to be achieved, the proposal must commence with test data from the core device that it will be used in. Mappings between different plans must be tried to guarantee that the outcome of plotting from the prototype is comparable to the original. Design device environment prototypes must be tested to guarantee that the design implement begins and end as anticipated and that they experience no problem with the figures obtainable from the end product. To make the modelling possible it involves the presence of testing environments that permit prototypes to be speedily instantiated and confirmed to warrant that interactions and reliance are as anticipated. To test plotting requires a system, which mimics the functionality of a complete plotting system, joined with prototype visualizers to enable the accuracy of the plotting to be determined. Alike testing is needed for scheme prototypes and design tool environment prototypes. To test prototypes in each of these disparities would entail very dissimilar testing environments. However, if a particular model conceptualization tool were generated for testing all joined design systems during development; the final product could be itemised in any prototype with the inventor being sure of the accuracy of the requirement. Having a single set of testing devices also permits faster integration between the testing devices, with several benefits from the different phases of testing. 3.1 Setting and Principle of model For a simulation to take place, there be existence of an environment. This environment is usually achieved through configuration that take place during the simulation process. An example of the configuration will be explained in the FMU export from Simulink that clearly explain the environment under which the FMU export is facilitated. 3.2 Implementation in Dymola Introduction Dymola with refers to the Dynamic Modeling Laboratory is a device used for modeling and simulation of incorporated and complex systems used in industries such as aerospace, automotive , robotics and other applications. With its state of the art engineering, Dymola’s abilities display novel and innovative answers for prototyping and simulation, as it is probable to simulate the vibrant conduct and intricate relations amongst structures of various production fields, such as mechanical, electrical and other control systems. This implies that users of Dymola can construct prototypes that are more joined and have simulations results that depict reality. Other highlights that can be realized of Dymola are those of Handling of large and complex multi-engineering models. Faster modelling by graphical model composition and faster simulation through symbolic pre-processing can also be achieved for purposes of increased productivity. Other befits of Dymola are it support for Open user de fined prototype modules, Open interface to other applications, 3D Simulation and Real-time simulation, but just to mention a few of its benefit. 3.2.1 Environment The Dynamic Modeling Laboratory (Dymola) setting practices the open Modelica demonstrating semantic, which implies it is open to its users. Dymola users are, therefore, free to develop their own model libraries or modify the ready-made model libraries as desired to satisfy their individual user’s unique modeling and simulation needs. With Dymola being flexible, it makes more of an adaptable device. Flexibility, therefore, brands Dymola seamless for prototyping and simulation of novel substitute strategies and skills now and in the future. FMU export from Dymola The objective of this sub-topic is to illustrate the steps that one would take when he/she is intending to export prototypes from physical simulation settings as FMUs. To be able to perform an export from a Dymola an individual would need to perform two very crucial steps. One is that of adjusting the simulation model interface and secondly perform an export the simulation model as an FMU. To achieve the export from Dymola, proceed as explained in the following: First, adjust the interface (ports) of your simulation model in existence from a physical modeling tool. It is important to note that this process of adjusting the interface must be performed in a signal-based way for purposes of properly exporting a model/ models as an FMU. The interface of the desired simulation model will be defined by input and output signals. For purposes of reliability, efficiency and better results, an individual install sensors. The installed sensors are also used to amount certain prototype conditions and actuators in order to put on physical aspects to the prototype. The second step is to Export the simulationn model as an FMU by using the FMI export functionality of your physical simulation tool. For example, the exporting functionalities of Dymola (the options for the FMI export) can be found in the Simulation Setup GUI. In export process, there are usually three settings that need to be performed. The first setting is that of sectioning a Type. The second setting is that of choosing an FMI Version and finally choosing further Options. For Type, one can set either the environment for Model exchange (FMI-ME) or Co -simulation (FMI-CS) as Model exchange exports. This is because export can either be performed using model exchange or co- simulation. In the model-exchange setting, the FMU comprises only the prototype and no slave. Therefore, the slave of the introducing simulator is used. In the co-simulation setting, the FMU comprises both the prototype and a slave. Here the importing simulator performs as the main of the co-simulation. The prototype without slaves and Co-simulation exports a summarized prototypee and slave. For Version, selecting 1.0 will ensure compatibility with V1.7 of the Modelon FMI Toolbox. In the case of Choices, it is not necessary to include the basis cypher or mass outcome in mat file. 3.3 Implementation in Simulink As in the event of Dymola, Simulink can also be used to implement different prototypes in different environs. For example in the application of control procedure, the control procedures is established in a simulation setting (MATLAB/Simulink) and verified on simulation prototypes. After that, MATLAB/Simulink can be coupled with a PLC, and the procedure is verified on a physical prototype. This linking offers real-time communication amongst MATLAB/Simulink and the PLC (BR 2005). Control procedures have to be written in a worldwide programmable language supported by both MATLAB and PLC, because of its broadcast into the PLC. The Control procedures established in the simulations can be used in a different area such as in the control of heating devices at home for purposes of temperature regulation. the control algorithms can also be used in industries among other place. The presence of Simulink has been a major boost in innovations. 3.3.1 Environment Many advantages can be associated with Simulink. The advantages experienced by Simulink users are in its ability to provide the right set of tools for fast, accurate modeling and simulation. Simulink is designed to facilitate extensive features of block library for developing complex models. It is also designed to be convenient tools for monitoring simulation results, and tight integration. This is facilitated by the presence of MATLAB, which aids in accessing the most comprehensive collection of design and analysis tools. 3.3.3 FMI-Toolbox The FMI Toolbox for MATLAB fits in Modelica-based physical prototyping into the MATLAB/Simulink surroundings. FMI Toolbox offers the following core features, FMI toolbox permits the Simulation of assembled vibrant prototypes, FMUs, in Simulink. An FMI-compliant device such as OPTIMICA Studio by Modelon, SimulationX or Dymola, may generate fMUs. The Simulink FMU block offers realization of limits and input values as well as block results. FMI toolbox also enables Export of Simulink prototypes to FMUs. FMUs may also be simulated in FMI accommodating simulation device such as SimulationX or Dymola. FMI toolbox may also be used for the Simulation of assembled vibrant prototypes, FMUs; using MATLABs built-in integrators, for example, ode45 and ode15s. This piece makes FMI Toolbox beneficial for operators without them having to contact to Simulink. The other advantage of an FMI toolbox is that it facilitates the Static and dynamic analysis of FMUs through design-of- experiments (DoE) functions for optimization, calibration, control design, and robustness analysis. The dynamic analysis features require the MATLAB Control System Toolbox. The FMI Toolbox supports FMI import for Model Exchange and FMI for Co-Simulation. FMI Toolbox also supports FMI export and a DoE analysis for Model Exchange 1.0. In an FMI Toolbox, Simulink models can be exported as Model Exchange. †¢FMI Toolbox also supports improved handling of FMU blocks that are supported by Simulink Coder/Real-Time Workshop usually stored in a Simulink library. 3.3.4 FMU export from Simulink A Simulink prototype can be pass on as an FMU and introduced in an FMI-compliant device such as OPTIMICA Studio by SimulationX, Dymola or Modelon. This section describes how a Simulink model can be exported as an FMU. Code from a Simulink model is generated by Simulink Coder/Real-Time Workshop and is then wrapped in an FMU for Model Exchange 1.0 or Co-Simulation 1.0. There are various steps required to export an FMU for Model Exchange from Simulink. The first step is usually to select the build target. This is usually done by opening the Configuration Parameters dialog. Then go to the Real-Time Workshop/Code Generation tab depending on the MATLAB version an individual is using at that particular time. From Browse button, select the System target file. The final step that takes place before exportation can take place is that of selecting fmu_me1.tlc from the browser dialog for exporting the FMU as Model Exchange or fmu_cs1.tlc for Co-Simulation, when either of the two is selected, click OK to export. However, FMU export limitations such as The FMU target uses the code format S-function and target type non real time. This means in general that the same limitations of Simulink Coder ´s native S-function target, rtwsfcn is applied to the FMU target. Complex input and output ports are not supported. There is no corresponding data type in the FMI standard.Another limitation of FMU is that Enumeration data types are not supported for example the Enumerated Constant block is not supported. Discrete variables (variability attribute set to discrete) may change the value at instants other than during initialization or at event instants. Support for precompiled S-functions is only supported for export of Model Exchange FMUs and not co- simulation. Co-simulation The main aim of co-simulation is to come up with a user-friendly interface type for connecting/joining simulation tools in its environs. The data exchanged in this models subsystems is limited to distinct communication targets. The communication interval among two sub-systems is controlled autonomously by respective subsystem solvers. The master algorithm is usually responsible for controlling the exchange of data among subsystems and the harmonization of complete simulation slaves (solvers). In this case, basic master algorithms and complex ones are supported. It is imperative nonetheless to note that the master algorithm is not a part of the FMI standard. Dymola 2013 and later supports export of prototypes (slaves) with built-in numerical slaves according to the FMI for Co-simulation specification. The SUNDIALS suite of numerical slaves (version 2.4.0) is used in the co-simulation FMUs. In Dymola 2013 and later, the translateModelFMU command will produce an FMU that supports both the FMI for Model Exchange requisite and the FMI for Co-Simulation slaves interface where by all responsibilities will be present in the DLL. Model simulation is also supported in Simulink. It is, however, important to note that when Simulink FMU block co-simulation FMUs with modelDescription attribute canRunAsynchronuously is set to true, they are usually not supported. References [Jak2003] Johan Ã…kesson. Operator Interaction and Optimization in Control Systems. ISRN LUTFD2/TFRT3234SE. Lund University. Sweden. 2003.

In Seal Team Six English Literature Essay

In Seal Team Six English Literature Essay Herbert Spencer, a renowned philosopher once said, Life is the continuous adjustment of internal relations to external relations Herbert Spencer Quotes. Throughout his life, Wasdin was influenced by the experiences of his childhood, during which he was harshly abused by his stepfather. He decided to enlist after graduating from college, and went on to become a member of SEAL Team Six, an anti-terrorist group known for taking down Osama Bin Laden and various other terrorist leaders. His novel, SEAL Team Six: Memoirs of An Elite Navy Seal Sniper, describes his journey from a poor beginning in an impoverished neighborhood to a distinguished position in the army, and brings the reader through his journey to success. During his narration, he constantly reminds the reader of how experiencing abuse as a child helped him endure hardships and succeed. Howard E. Wasdin encountered many struggles throughout his life, but he was able to became one of the worlds most renowned and deadliest soldie rs, as evidenced and shown through his achievements in his life and his overcoming of abuse. Howard E. Wasdin was born Howard E. Wilbanks on November 8, 1961 in the quiet town of Screven, Georgia. His biological father ran away when Wasdin was a few months old, and his mother engaged and married another man, Leon Wasdin. Howard was born premature, but the clinic was so poor that it didnt have an incubator. Millie Kirkman, Wasdins mother, carried him home in a shoe box, and, for a bed, pulled out a drawer from one of the dressers and put blankets in it. As a child, I learned to endure forces beyond my control. My mother had me when she was sixteen years old (Wasdin 25). From an early age, Wasdin learned to adapt and live with a changing situation, an important aspect of a soldier. Belonging to a poor family did not help the fact that he was abused. The earliest memory I have of my childhood is when I was four years old awakened in the middle of the night by a huge man reeking of liquor. He snatched me out of the top bunk, questioning me about why Id done something wrong that day. Then he slapped me around, hitting me in the face, to the point where I could taste my own blood (Wasdin 26). Abuse heavily impacted Wasdin, and it stayed with him for the rest of his life. By the time he was five, Wasdin attempted to run away, but was later returned by the police a night later. On the night of his return, Wasdin was nearly beaten to death by Leon, his stepfather. Leon also happened to be a truck driver, and owned pecan trees in the yard of his house. It was Howards responsibility to pick up the pecans off the driveway when Leon came home, and if he heard any pecans pop under his wheels, that was my ass. Didnt matter if any had fallen since I picked them up. It was my fault for not showing due diligence (Wadin 28). In high school, Wasdin participated in the Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (JROTC), and he discovered an interest in the military. He was fascinated with the discipline, structure, and nice uniform, and was always the outstanding cadet. It was a nice break from abuse, and after graduating from Cumberland Community College, he enlisted. On November 6, 1983, he reported to the Naval Training Center in Orlando, Florida for three months of basic training, and after basic training, Wasdin committed to six weeks of aircrew training and twelve weeks of search and rescue training at the Naval Air Station Pensacola in Florida. Then, he joined the Helicopter Anti-submarine Squadron Seven as an antisubmarine warfare operator and rescue swimmer. One of Wasdins first encounters with war was when his helicopter crashed into the Atlantic Ocean while investigating a Russian nuclear submarine that had sunk while sailing off the coast of Bermuda. Wasdin jumped to action, rescuing the pilot and f ellow comrades who had been knocked unconscious by the impact and calling in another helicopter for exfiltration. He was commended for his efforts and invited to join SEAL training, which he completed a year later. At first, Wasdin was assigned to SEAL Team Two, a more basic group, before being promoted to SEAL Team Six. Before being allowed to undergo training for becoming a navy SEAL on Team Six, Wasdin fought in Operation Desert Storm, a conflict between the United States and Iraq that would last for a year, and along with his SEAL Team Two, he took control of a cargo ship disguised under an Egyptian flag that was laying mines in the Red Sea. Also, he destroyed undetonated missiles in enemy territory to make sure they did not get the invaluable technology, and helped Iraqi refugees by transporting food and water. After the operation, Wasdin tried applying for a position on the SEAL teams, and he wrote, If I hadnt been a player in Desert Storm, I probably wouldve had to wait anoth er two and a half years (Wasdin 146). During his occupation as a SEAL Team Six operative, he was wounded in the Battle of Mogadishu, and discharged from the army shortly after. He developed neck problems from his wounds, and after seeing a chiropractor, he was completely cured without any medicine. Wasdin later went on to study at a chiropractic college and open his own chiropractic clinic. (Gray 2) In Seal Team Six: Memoirs of An Elite Navy Seal Sniper, Wasdin brings the reader through most of his life, from him humble beginnings as an abused child to his great achievements as a SEAL warrior, with a majority of the book focused on his training and life during war. The fourth week of basic SEAL training is aptly nicknamed Hell Week, because trainees have died from being exhausted or overworked, training for five days and five nights on four hours of sleep total. Howard records a certain event during Hell Week: Instructor Stoneclam said, Everybody out of the water! We crawled out of the water and on to the floating steel pier. He made us strip naked and lay down. Mother Nature had prepared the pier by blowing cool wind across it. Then the instructors sprayed us with cold water. Our muscles contracted wildly. The spasms were uncontrollable. Mike said, Sorry man. I gotta pee. Its okay man. Pee here. He urinated on my hands. Oh, thanks, buddy. Most people think its just gross theyv e obviously never been really cold (Wasdin 69). Hell Week always starts late at night on a Sunday, and ends at dawn of Saturday. By Thursday night of Hell Week, the trainees only had three to four hours of total sleep since Sunday, and the dream world started to mix with the real world. While enjoying a meal on Thursday morning of Hell week, an instructor said to Wasdin, You know, Wasdin, I want to you take this butter knife, go over there, and kill that deer in the corner (Wasdin 72). He looked over, and sure enough, a buck stood still in the chow hall. He crept up to the deer and pounced, only to discover it was the tray table. It was common for an instructor to play a trick like this, as it was their job to break the trainees and find their weaknesses. After completing SEAL training, Wasdin went directly to airborne training at Fort Benning, Georgia. He ridiculed the other students at the training, because he felt that coming from SEAL training, airborne training was very easy. W asdin writes, Some of the soldiers talked as if the training were the hardest thing in the world. They thought they were becoming part of some elite fighting force (Wasdin 89). Then, he trained alongside Swedish Special Forces while moving on to winter warfare training in Scotland. About a year after he finished winter warfare training, he participated in Operation Desert Storm, and after Desert Storm, he applied for a spot on SEAL Team Six, and was accepted. However, the worst of his battles was yet to come. The Battle of Mogadishu, or Black Hawk Down, took place on October 3, 1993, and was one of the bloodiest battles of the twenty-first century for the United States. The goal was to hunt down Somalian warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid, but Wasdin and his comrades were ambushed while pursuing him. In spite of one hundred eighty soldiers fighting against nearly three thousand of Aidids forces, American forces managed to capture several high value targets. However, Wasdin was shot by a Somali militant at close range, nearly blowing his right leg off. After the battle, Wasdin was airlifted to the armys Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, the largest American hospital outside the United States. Upon his arrival, the doctors took him straight to surgery. At first, Wasdin refused to take the general anesthetic, because he was afraid of losing his leg to surgery, but the surgeon eventually gave him an epidural, which numbed him from the waist down. Uncle Earl, from his wifes family, came to visit Wa sdin after the surgery, and was appalled at the stark conditions at the hospital. Wasdin was lying in his own excrement, and was filthy all over. After the epidural, he lost control of his bladder, and there was still dried blood caked on his body from the battle. Maybe the hospital had been too busy to perform proper patient care due to the sudden influx of wounded soldiers from the battle, but after a brief discussion, Earl got the staff to clean Wasdin and replace his bed sheets. Nonetheless, Wasdin contracted a staph infection from the hospital stay, and nearly died. He managed to fully recover, but still had an unexplained wracking pain in his neck. He assumed the pain was some lasting effect from the infection, but after a few visits to a doctor, he discovered that the pain originated from adjusting for his gunshot wound by changing his gait. Wasdin compared his body to a house: If the basement tilts to the right and sinks a little, the roof follows except the necks pulls the opposite way (Wasdin 287). Eventually, a friend recommended a chiropractor to him, and after a few appointments, he was completely rid of the neck pain. This particular event inspired him to pursue an education in chiropractic, and he later graduated with honors as a doctor of chiropractic on September 24, 2009 from Life University in Georgia. Currently, Wasdin runs a chiropractic clinic in Jessup, Georgia. (Why I became a Chiropractor) In his novel, Wasdin revealed a lot of information about his own life. He took the reader through the grueling weeks of SEAL training, and led the reader through several significant military operations, including Operation Desert Storm, the Battle of Mogadishu, and investigating Soviet Submarine K-219. He also goes into detail about suffering PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) after being discharged. Wasdin writes, I suffered the withdrawal symptoms of being cut off from the camaraderie. I was in culture shock, too. People around town could talk to me about their lives, but I couldnt talk to them about mine (Wasdin 272). Moreover, he talked about how he was motivated to become a chiropractor: After all the neurologists, orthopedic surgeons, and other doctors, a chiropractor gave me back my quality of life, (Wasdin 293) referring to how only the chiropractor was effective in treating Wasdins pain. Wasdin described his childhood and its later influence on his life. In his novel, he compared his kinfolk to a lion pride, or family. He comments, When a lion acquires a lioness with cubs, he kills them. Leon didnt kill me, but anything that was not done exactly right, I paid for (Wasdin 27). If the chores were not done correctly by the time Leon came home, Wasdin was beaten. If the pecans were not completely removed from the driveway when Leon came home, Wasdin was beaten. If the incorrect number of produce was brought home from the market, Wasdin was beaten. Although Wasdin lived an unfortunate childhood, this helped prepare him both mentally and physically for his military career. Child abuse is an issue prevalent throughout the world, and it is not a simple matter. As Giardino, a doctorate in pediatrics writes, It is impossible and inadvisable to consider physical abuse of a child as an isolated incident with one cause and one effect. The ecological model of human development and interaction is generally regarded as an ideal conceptual framework à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ leading to the nonaccidental injury or physical abuse of the child. While the relationshop between the amount of stress in an environment and the likelihood of abuse is not completely understood, there is data that suggests that the likelihood of abuse tends to increase when stress increases. Also, some caregivers can handle stress better than others, as evident with Leon, who could clearly not manage his temper. Leon and Wasdins mother both came from the poorer regions of Screven, Georgia, Wasdins birthplace. This may have contributed to an increased amount of stress experienced by the two parents, an d Leon was depicted as an alcoholic in the novel. Wasdins parents were both explicitly abusive, shouting expletives and threatening his life. There are many severe and permanent consequences to abuse. Suffering abuse can completely devastate a child, as they should be receiving love and nurturing instead. Childhood is a period of development during which a person takes in ideas and notions that he/she will retain for the rest of his/her life, and it is crucial that a child lives in a supportive environment that promotes growth. Child abuse has consequences for both society and the victim: According to a National Institute of Justice study, abused children were eleven times as likely to be arrested for criminal as a juvenile, four times more likely to be arrested for violent and criminal behavior as an adult à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Long term Consequences). Five children in the United States die every day from abuse-related injuries, and approximately eighty percent of children that die from abuse are under the age of five. Also, two-thirds of people in drug treatment program report being abused as children. For Wasdin, abuse started at the young age of four years old, when human developme nt starts to quicken. Despite the negative aspects of abuse, it played an important part in keeping Wasdin at the top of his SEAL class and alive in war. The slap of a belt against skin and the sound of a hand against a face may be stark reminders to Wasdin of his past, but in essence, being beaten prepared him for the physical test of training. Being scared for his life and dreading the next encounter with Leon may have been mentally scarring to Wasdin, but being placed under stress helped prepare him for the mental strain of training. Wasdin mentioned that many of his fellow trainees were more fit and stronger than him, yet did not have the mental toughness required of a SEAL. Among his classmates included an Iron Man triathlete, a college football player, and others. Wasdin writes, Anybody can be physically strong. A lot of people can show up to training and be able to perform the tasks given to them. Professional athletes and high school sports stars sometimes participate, and they are the first to quit. Mental toughness is just as important as physical toughness, even more so in times of war (Wasdin 156). These traits kept him al ive in war. Wasdin learned important lessons from suffering abuse as a child. From the pecan tree punishments, he learned to be aware of his surroundings and pay attention to every single detail. When he took out the trash and the wind blew the trash can over after he went back inside his house, Wasdin learned to adapt to the changing situation and just deal with it. When he was beaten for bringing home the wrong number of carrots and watermelon, he learned the importance of being exact when counting. These are all aspects of a successful soldier. For example, during the Battle of Mogadishu, Wasdin was the driver of a Humvee, and if Wasdin did not see the militant who had popped up to shoot him, he would likely have been shot to death. When Wasdin was shot, he stayed calm and looked for safety, adapting to the situation. Before the battle, he had checked his weapon magazine for the correct number of rounds, so that it would not jam during a firefight. He also made sure that his medical supplies were adequate; if he had missed a single tourniquet during Battle of Mogadishu, he almost most certainly wouldve lost his leg. While abuse negatively affected Wasdin as a child, it ultimately benefited him later on in life. Wasdin had a tough beginning as a child, but he took advantage of his struggles and went on to become a renowned soldier, receiving several honors and awards for his valiance in combat. His novel Seal Team Six: Memoirs of An Elite Navy Seal Sniper received acclaim from critics from The Washington Post and Time Magazine, and continues to be a harrowing account of his journey from a victim of abuse to a victorious, decorated veteran.

Roger and Me :: essays papers

Roger and Me The film was one that utilized and demonstrated many techniques found in the genre of documentary. Michael Moore took every aspect of making a film and flawlessly executed it. The resulting product was one that was to the point and interesting. The first thing that I realized was Moore’s ability to use B role and integrate it seamlessly into the film. One example would be when he was moving home from San Diego. The story cut to a scene in a movie that was of a man coming home from the army. I remember thinking that even though this film had nothing to do with the story at hand, it was very clear as to what happened. He saved a few mins of film and got straight to the point. Various other film clips were used to tell the story. This brings me to the second point, which is Moore’s ability to hold the audiences attention. You have a film about the town of Flint, Michigan and the trouble it went through during the GM plant closings. Right now I can think of a few thousand ways a filmmaker could have taken this story, added his point of view, and bored me out of my mind. That couldn’t be any farther from the truth. I found myself drawn into the story that Michael presented. He used comedy to pick up some slower parts and good camera angles to keep my attention on the screen. As for Story and Characters Moore once again used text book accuracy and added his twist. He picked a few characters and used them through out the film. This is something that kept the audience from getting confused. I think a lot of filmmakers screw up by introducing too many characters. For example, the sheriff deputy was a main character the makes you realize the truth behind what was going on. The Deputy represented the problems and pain that GM was causing by closing the plants.

Shakespeares The Tempest - Miranda :: Tempest essays

The Character of Miranda in The Tempest The character of Miranda in "The Tempest" is extremely compelling for two reasons. First and foremost it is important to note that the Miranda is the only female character who appears in the entire play. This is the only Shakespeare play where a character has this kind of outstanding distinction. This is not just a fluke on the part of Shakespeare, for it is very important that the character of Miranda appear by herself. The reader is not able to compare her beauty and virtue to any other female in the world of "The Tempest", and this serves both to show her value as a character and the fact that no other living women has the virtue of Miranda. While Miranda may not have many outstanding lines or solioquys, she makes up for this in sheer presence alone. Miranda's character encompasses all the elements of perfectionism and goodness which is lacking in all the other respective characters. All of the other characters in "The Tempest" are reflected by Miranda, and even if she did not spe ak one line she would still serve this important purpose. Secondly, Miranda also serves as the ultimate fantasy for any male who (like Ferdinand) is a bachelor. She is extremely beautiful, she is intelligent, and she has never been touched (or even seen) by another male. Shakespeare makes Miranda even more desirable by including the fact that she has never seen or even talked to another man (with the obvoius exception of Prospero). Miranda personifies the ultimate source of good in the play, and provides the ultimate foil for the evil character of Caliban. When Ferdinand is forced to chop wood by Prospero, Miranda offers to do it for him. Finding a woman this humble in the world of Shakespeare is almost impossible. One does not have to look farther than her last line in the play to realize her purpose in the plot. Miranda states "O wonder! / How many goodly creatures there are here! / How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world / That has such people in't" (Tempest,5.1,185-7) Through this passage and many of her others Miranda shows a posit ive attitude which is almost uncanny when compared to the other characters.

Health Care and Faith Diversity

1. It would help to have pages number with a subtopic as in APA format. Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity- First Draft Elain Brown HLT-310V Spirituality in Health Care Grand Canyon University December 16th, 2012 Abstract (good abstract included. ) When caring for patients whose backgrounds are different to their own, nurses may find it difficult to understand their perspective and needs, and may make assumptions about them that turn out to be mistaken as stated by Komaromy,( 2004).Although there are many different religions, the three that will be elaborated on and compared to the Christian religion are Islam, Buddhism and Bahia Faith. The paper will show that spirituality is inherent, regardless of where you are from or the difference in culture. The basic beliefs about healing and prayer is not that much different from Christianity. They all share the common values of caring for their fellowmen, and receiving healing from illness. Islam This is the second largest religion, n ext to Christianity with 1. billion followers. This is based on the leadership of the Prophet Mohammad and they follow the teachings of the Quran. They believe there is only one God, (Allah and that they should submit to His will. The Islamic (there is a beginning parentheses but no clue where it ends to separate the idea). faith teaches what is called the five Pillars of Islam: faith, prayer, fasting, pilgrimage and aim. Depending on each person’s deed during his lifetime, he will go to paradise or hell after death.This faith believes in praying to Allah for healing when one is sick, but at the same time they think God may cause illness as a test, a way of getting mankind to return to God’s purpose. During illness one must seek God’s help with patience and prayer. (Ai(should this be capitalized? ). The Art Institutes – Religious Facts) Religion Facts. com. (Is this acitation, a bit confusing? ) Basically the Islamic religion believes that all illness is caused from the heart and until the heart is right, one cannot be healed.The heart becomes right by asking for forgiveness from Allah, Another important aspect of this religion in health care understanding( watch the spacing between words) regarding touch, such as a female bathing a male patient and handling of the body after the patient passes. Bahia good information This religion was founded by Baha’u’llah in 1863, and has approximately 5-7 million followers. The belief is to develop in spirituality and draw closer to God. There is but one God who is the ruler of the universe.The belief is that God does not need us to worship Him but what he asked us to do, is to benefit mankind (Religion Facts. com). This religion believes that after life the soul separates from the body and begins a journey towards or away from God. Heaven and hell are states of being. The Bahia faith practices daily prayer, avoids intoxication by drinking or smoking, hardworking, believes in educa tion, works for social justice and equality, and practices monogamy. There is a prayer for every occasion, such as for healing, growth, difficulties in life and marriage.One must pray and fast to receive healing, (Boston Healing Landscape, Boston University). Buddhism Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha), in c. 520 BC NE India. The religion has since split into several sects and has adapted a wide variety of beliefs( include period) ( Add this to beginning of next sentence). it has. Over 360 million followers. The purpose is to avoid suffering and gain enlightenment and release from the cycle of rebirth, or at least attain a better rebirth by gaining merit.The Buddhist believes in reincarnation of all creatures and is strict vegetarians. They do not think the world is created or ruled by God. (The Big Religion- Chart Religious Facts). The universe is populated by celestial Buddha that inspires people to do well. Anyone can become a Buddha by gaining merit. Each person should w ork for goodness, happiness and peace, develop wisdom which leads to the realization of ultimate truth, they believe. There are several different Buddha that inspire mankind, such as the Medicine Buddha for healing.Healing and lasting happiness is achieved through meditation. Buddha taught that human suffering is caused because they pursue things that do not give lasting happiness. Buddhism has a variety of rituals and practices which are meant to aid to the journey of enlightenment and bring blessings to others and oneself( endofathought needs period) Buddha of Healing is concerned with helping beings to awaken their past deeds and to seek change of their negative patterns this is known as the aspiration to attain enlightenment (Gordon Bell 1196, 1998).Christians are followers of Jesus Christ and is the largest religious group in the world . Today it has over 2 billion believers worldwide and started in Israel in c 30, AD . Christians believe in one God who is a Trinity; Father, So n And Holy Spirit Christians believe that all must come to God for forgiveness and salvation. They believe that there is a physical heaven and hell. ( needs to be clearer, is it a period or comma to much information for one sentence) just like Islam, and that one has to be forgiven and live a life that pleases God to get to heaven , after death.Over time Christianity has split into different religion just like Bahia, but the difference is that their belief is basic and they agree on the fundamentals of the Bible. The Christian believes that he should pray for forgiveness and healing when he(is) are sick. Their belief is built on their faith in Jesus Christ. According to James 5: (12-15), if anyone is sick he should call for the elders of the church who should pray for him and anoint him with oil. The prayer of faith will save him and his sins will be forgiven.Like Buddha the Christian is asked to pray for forgiveness and healing , the Buddha believes that one should meditate to achi eve enlightenment and that one causes unhappiness to himself, by his own deed. Spirituality continues to be a challenge for the health care provider the challenge for the nursing professional is to develop a definition of spirituality which is broad enough to accommodate the uniqueness of all individuals , patient and nurses and all humanity (Trapper and McSherry, 1998). Nurses should strive to respect patients irrespective of belief, values or religious orientation.Even when they may be undeserving in our thoughts. They may be unpleasant but they deserve care. They may appear unpleasant simply because they are misunderstood. (good statement). Patients of different faith, need to be given the opportunity(watch spacing) by the care giver to express, their beliefs and expect it to be incorporated in their care. This should start at admission, when certain questions need to be asked as a part of the admission process. They should be â€Å"what is your . religious belief : or â€Å"ho w do you cope under stress? good idea) This will give the nurse more knowledge of the patient and these values should be a part of the care plan. It is very important that all patients trust their caregiver to do the right thing for them regardless of color, creed or kind. The nurse should do no further harm to her patient, whether it be physical or spiritual.. Cultural sensitivity and religious belief are very important parts of nursing care. The nurse should also be aware that people from the same culture may also have different faith, and should treat each patient as an individual. good) When patients view health care workers as being sensitive to their culture and faith, then they are more likely to respond to care, education and healing. If a patient feels that he is in an environment where he perceives bias then he probably won’t respond as well to treatment. .In keeping with the Christian philosophy, the Bible stated that Jesus went around different regions, villages a nd cities , where he preached, taught , and healed the sick and broken hearted. He showed empathy, sometimes just by a touch.Nurses may not always be able to touch, but maybe just a smile may be all that patient need to see to feel welcomed. (more of a conclusion needed to tie the comparison together). References The Big Religion Chart –Religious Facts Komaromy , Carol : Cultural diversity in death and dying; Nurse Management 11-8 (Dec 2004):32-6 Illness and Health: Division of Graduate Medical Science (Boston University, school of Medicine) Dorsey, L (1998) Healing words: The power of prayer and the practice of medicine ; San Francisco, CA Harper Collins James 5 verses 12-15. Overall peer review . The paper provides evidence of th e perspective healing of 3 religions. I would have liked to seen it more incorporated in how nurses could use traditions. 2. The flow of the paper was well with one or two needs to separate sentencespreventing run on . 3. The organization was well with subtitles. Components for healing and Christian Philosophy of Faith and Healing could have have been additional subtitles. 4. The paper met the wording requirement thereby following the assigned guidelines. The writer had a good understanding of what was expected in the assignment.

A Farewell to Arms: a Classic Display of Literature Essay

Ernest Hemmingway’s † A Farewell To Arms† is a classic display of literature. The way he develops his characters is ingenious. In the beginning of the story I did not like the way it was going. As I read deeper into the book, â€Å"A Farewell To Arms† I discovered the complexity of the characters themselves. I discovered that Frederic Henry was a rather complex character as well. When you are finally given the full picture of Frederic Henry, you realize that he can be described in several different ways. First, Frederic Henry is a round and very dynamic character. You also realize that because Mr. Henry’s mannerisms are so easily recognizable, he is a stock character as well. The point of view in the story is written in first person. The first person point of view is that of Frederic Henry. The stories underlying theme is identity. Throughout the whole story Frederic Henry is revealing himself to the audience and discovering himself at the same time. A secondary theme in the story is that Catherine, Frederic’s love interest, is slightly crazy. Throughout the story, I was intrigued by the things that Frederic Henry revealed to the audience. While reading the story it was as if you were right there with Frederic, going through the same things he did, and knowing every intimate detail. The aspects that Frederic Henry display are the aspects of a well developed character and a true war hero. The first aspect I would like to touch on is that Frederic Henry is a well-rounded character. As the story progresses we learn more and more about the character Frederic Henry. Though it may seem like a small point, a good example of how we learn more about Frederic as the story progresses is the fact that he is nameless in the first four chapters. Throughout the first four chapters, Frederic Henry is referred to as â€Å"lieutenant† by his peers and â€Å"baby† by his girlfriend. Its not until chapter five that he is referred to as â€Å"Mr. Henry†. Then we learn his full name, Frederic Henry, in chapter thirteen. Another example of Frederic Henry being a round character is that he is closely involved in just about every part of the story. Of course he would have to be involved in the majority of the story because it’s basically the confession of his life. The entire story we learn about Mr. Henry, and we watch him grow to become a good man. Even when Frederic is not involved in the seen, he is still involved in many aspects of the scene. As other characters converse we still learn more about Frederic Henry and his relationship with each character. The second aspect of Frederic Henry as a character that I would like to display is the fact that he is a very dynamic character. Throughout the entire story Frederic Henry grows and changes. In the beginning Frederic is part of a group of soldiers. But as the story progresses and he and Catherine fall more into love Frederic begins to isolate he and Catherine from the group. Instead of saying â€Å"we† in accordance to his group of friends he uses â€Å"we† to represent him and Catherine. Aside from isolating himself from his group of friends Frederic Henry changes from a rather self-centered person to a caring person. Instead of planning for his future and living to fulfill his needs he begins involving Catherine in the picture as well. Not only does he change in respect to Catherine but he changes in respect to other characters as well. Mr. Henry begins to look out for others needs, particularly in the battles he is involved with. A great example of this is when Frederic gets injured badly he insists that the other soldiers be treated first. (Lewis, 46) There are countless other times when Frederic tries to help other soldiers, showing complete selflessness, but unfortunately fails. Though he failed to save Catherine, he showed major change from the way he was at the beginning of the story when he did all he could to save her. As the story progresses Frederic grows more and more familiar to the audience and his personality becomes more audience friendly. The third aspect of Frederic Henry’s character is that he is a stock character. A stock character is a character that is easily identifiable by the way they behave. Frederic Henry is very easy to identify. First off he almost always speaks in the plural form. For example, when he buys himself a gun he turns to Catherine and says, † now we are fully armed†, as if she too is armed. (Monteiro, 71) Another characteristic that Frederic Henry has, is that he is always trying to help other people. Throughout the entire story there are examples of he and his men out on the battlefield, and Frederic coming to someone’s aid. Since this behavior takes place so many times you automatically know that it is Frederic Henry who is coming to the rescue. The event that is most memorable is when Frederic and his men are captured and Frederic manages to help all his men escape. Upon the escape Frederic rows he and his crew for over twenty miles to safety, in Switzerland. (Gellens, 45) The point of view in â€Å"A Farewell To Arms†, is a first person point of view. The interesting thing is that even though it’s a first person point of view, it’s a first person point of view that is expressed in a plural sense. All threw the story Frederic Henry uses the phrase â€Å"we† to refer to himself and his group of friends. Another interesting thing is that later into the story Frederic’s usage of the word â€Å"we† changes from referring to his group of friends to his relationship with Catherine. The story is also a confession in a way. It’s a confession because as he tells the story he admits to his shortcomings early on. Not only does he admit his shortcomings but it’s as if he needed to expresses his regret for the people he was not able save. (Lewis, 46) The entire story is told from Frederic Henry’s perspective. You see things as they happen through his eyes only. While telling the story Frederic Henry sounds almost apologetic, and when he retells his adventures, he uses a negative tone. The theme in the story is identity. The whole point of the story is Frederic Henry revealing himself to the audience and essentially explaining who he is. Time after time Frederic lets the audience in on intimate details. By explaining himself and his actions it is easier for the audience to identify with Frederic and put themselves in his place. By putting the audience member in his place, he forces you to participate in every adventure he goes through. A secondary theme is presented as well. The secondary theme is one that portrays Catherine. Some skeptics think that Catherine’s central theme is craziness. (Lewis, 46) throughout the storyt she is called crazy and is referred to as the crazy one. Catherine even refers to herself as being crazy. An example of when Catherine refers to herself as crazy is when she says, â€Å"I haven’t been happy for a long time, and when I met you perhaps I was a nearly crazy. † She questions her sanity again when Frederic says † I don’t want you to get Scotch and crazy tonight† and the Catherine replies â€Å"I am Scotch and crazy†. (Lewis, 102) Some interesting points about Frederic Henry’s character is that he is actually the antagonist as opposed to the protagonist. (Lewis, 46) The evidence for such an argument is all throughout the story. Time after time Frederic tries to save people, but fails almost every time. Such a quality brings hope into the eyes of the audience but then lets them down time and time again. Though there were several successful escapes and rescues the failures still outweighed the successes. In the beginning of the story Frederic’s self-centeredness is rather annoying and makes you dislike him. Self-centeredness is the quality of an antagonist. Ernest Hemmingway’s â€Å"A Farewell To Arms† was all in all a good story. It displayed the trials and tribulations of an American soldier during wartime. The character Frederic Henry is a well-rounded and dynamic character. The fact that Frederic Henry was a stock character made him easy to recognize and therefore made the story easier to follow. Though the story was told through a first person point of view Ernest Hemmingway kept the story interesting by telling it through a plural first person. The underlying theme of the story was identity. Frederic spent the whole story explaining who he was to the audience. The way Frederic told the story, he made it easy for the audience member to identify with him, therefore making it easier for the audience member to put themselves in his place. An interesting secondary theme is the theme that implies Catherine is crazy. Because of things Catherine says and does the crazy theme seems to fit her personality. Throughout the story there is plenty of evidence of all these things and these aspects made the story even better and much more fun to read. Gellens, Jay. Twentieth Century Interpretations of A Farewell To Arms. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. 1970. Lewis, Robert. A Farewell To Arms (A War With Words). New York, 1992. Monteiro, George. Critical Essays On: Ernest Hemmingway’s A Farewell To Arms. New York, 1994.