Challenges of the UAE in Demographic Imbalance

Challenges of the UAE in Demographic Imbalance Introduction Prosperity, one of a national interests of the UAE, requires development in all sectors of the UAE. People in the UAE cannot grant the desired prosperity by using local human resources; so development always requires foreign expertise. The number of expats has increased proportionally with the growth of the economy. Even with the growth of UAE national population, the ratio of citizens to non-citizens has severely decreased which caused the imbalance in population. The demographic imbalance has become one of most complex issue to for the UAE which created several challenges that should be addressed. The development   Economic development since the establishment of the UAEunion caused that the expats to reached to 88 % of the population in 2010. When we compared this figure with the situation in EU, where people can barley tolerate an average share of 6.5 % foreigners plus 9.4 % foreign-born new citizens. In the period from 2005 to 2010, the average growth rate for citizens was about 3% every year while non-national population has increased from 3.3 m to 7.2 m , which confirmed the statistics that says UAE is has the most rapid growth rate in population in the world in the period from 2005 since 1950s.These figures are enough to illustrate how the UAE is a unique case in population imbalance. Opportunity or threats Expat labor s are  is one of the main tool  tools for development that contributes to the accomplishment of construction, development programs, and the establishment of the basic infrastructure necessary for economic development. On the other hand, foreign labors led to numerous negative consequences, some of which being still persistsent. The presence of foreign labor in the UAE has turned from a development tool to a challenge that may be turn into a threat to national security from different aspects. The challenges can be categorize into four aspects: culture, economy, policies, and security. The impact of demographic imbalance on culture The presence of more than 200 nationalities who came from different religion, heritage and traditions merged ways of communications among people in the UAE[a1], which interact together daily in a limited area. This leads to the transnational spread of ideas, values and information among people with different cultures, this interaction includes ideologies and believes or even politics[a2]. In 2012, Arab nationalities consisted of 28% of population including citizens, while the Indian and Pakistani nationalities above 50% , which makes the Arabic language it the third in the country after Urdu and English languages. This is true if we assume that all Arabs speak Arabic. Unfortunately, lots of young Emiratis are more comfortable speaking English language instead of their Arabic, they even text each other in English when using communication technology. Furthermore, some elder citizens try to practice it too despite their weakness in speaking English. Moreover, names of residential complexes, streets and shop labels are dominated by foreign names, it witnessed Chinese sometimes. In media, such as radio, programs that presented in other languages are much more than Arabic even though most of them are produced and emitted in the UAE. When comparing the case of the UAE to other countries, countries use only their own languages domestically even if nobody else speaks his langu age such as Turkey and Korea, so what makes new generation of emaraties abandon their mother language is not only the need of to talk with the majority of the foreign peoplepopulation, but because of the weakness of culture that influenced by foreign cultures which consist not only for language, but for a combination of tradition, customs and values. Another challenges is the influence of presence of domestic servants. UAE has a high number of domestic workers helpers as domestic helps which came come from other cultures,: the statistics suggested that 96% of Emarati families employ them, those helpers have been converted to many things such as personal servant or nannies. Most of Emirati families rely on them to raise their children from very young age, they leave their kids in a companion of their domestic servants more than the biological family members. The low cost of domestic servant made people more dependent which perform 80% of parental tasks and responsibilities .This impacts the bonds between mothers and children, as the kids are more drawn toward their care taker and they tend to learn various other languages instead of mother tongue. Another recent issue came to UAE culture that UAE ladies are followed by their domestic servants publicly in shopping malls, hospitals, and parks, which reflects the ignorance of these l adies publicly[a3]. The low cost of domestic servant made people more dependent which perform 80% of parental tasks and responsibilities . The presence of high number of foreign people in UAE caused the creation of a lot of foreign academic institutions locally, the drawback that identifies this case is the threat by these schools which consists of minority of citizen students whom identity may depleted diluted among other identities. Normally, in other countries, foreigners tend to learn the national language for their interest and for the possibility of granting a nationality of hosted country, but in the UAE foreign people insists to preserve their own culture because they understand the difficulty to of getting UAE citizenship so they believe that they would go back to their country at some time to entertain their cultureeventually. Moreover, citizens are who have to[a4] The challenges of demographic imbalance on Economy Economy is the main driver for the influx of foreign people to the country. As people welfare is one of the main objective to maintain life prosperity, this welfare needs a strong economy which cannot be existsed without human resources at all levels and specialists. This demand of expats caused this imbalance. UAE’s economy is expanding according to the strategy of economic diversification. To maintain the economic growth rate, industries create lot of jobs in this market including high skill professionals and law skill worker, both of them usually does not fit citizens. Thus, citizen consists less than 5% in private sector while more than 95% are expats , this figure even exceeded the agreed ratio among labor ministries of GCC which should be less than 20% , which created another challenges that confront political decisions. Even the idea of emiratization in such sectors could not be pragmatic practicle due to the lack of skill that demanded by these industries. Therefore, the, the recruitment of foreigners to fill these opportunity vacancies instead. The role of foreign people is a vital to maintain the prosperity speciallyespecially for citizens’ welfare, that makes citizens relinquish some of their values to maintain their life prosperitystyle. Foreign people have the right to seek better life too, so by the time, old comers try to upgradeimprove their life style, so they would demand more newcomers to provide welfare for them too, which would add more imbalance to the population. It is a vicious circle. The majority of the expatriates working are single males from various Asian. Salaries of single staff who working in the country would be repatriated to his home country with very limited material benefit to the UAE. This would impact the UAE economy and would loses opportunities in local human resource investments too. This situation indicates that UAE are beingsuffers from massively financially drainage :; Iin 2014, remittances were more than 140 billion dirhams that transferred abroad, the continuation of this drainage is unhealthy phenomenon for the economy. Impact of demographic imbalance on policies The issue of foreign labor in the UAE became a political and global issues. In the context of International Labor Agreements and the implications for international economic systems, Some of these agreements request giving expat workers citizenships which is an evidence of political interface interference under the pressure of NGOs and international community. One of the consequences is the possibility of turning of foreign workers into lobbying powers. In fact, some Asian governments demanded UAE government to review employment agreements for alleged lack of appropriate safety measures in the workplace, this demands attracted more actors around the world such as embassies to put more pressure whether it is true or exaggeration. India has become capable to put pressure on political decision-makers, in favor of this large community. Furthermore, there are some concerns about the possibility of these communities demanding the right to autonomy in case of they become the majority of a sp ecific nationality. The foreign communities in the UAE have even have a second generation of immigrants who could become over time citizens with their own social status. They might turn into political movements that express their thoughts, aspirations and demands. Other political demands emerge more apparently in the US State Department annual report on human rights. In 2013 the department issued a report included workers rights in several sections. The laws of freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining such as allowing an employer to suspend an employee for striking and low wages. Prohibition of child labor and minimum age for employment and the acceptance condition of work. However, lot of regulation already been set and amended in the ministry of labor such as Wages Protection System (WPS) that set in 2010 and the prohibition of the use of children who used to be Asian or African in camel races. Therefore, this amendment shows the consequences toof the interference of the international organization in regards to foreign workers and shows the desire of the UAE government to develop better situation to people which turned these criticisms into opportunity. This challenges had opportunities too; several entities related to human rights has been founded including the Human rights department in the ministry of interior and Human rights association in Dubai. These organizations has enhanced the world perception about lot of issues such as children abuse and human trafficking. Furthermore, it developed the judicial system and rebuilt the reputation of the UAE that distorted by some NGOs. In October 2013, the UAE obtained a recognition in the area of human rights. The UAE was first among Arab countries and fourteenth globally on the International Human Rights Rank Indicator (IHRRI), published in 2013 by the Global Network for Rights and Development (GNRD). Impact of foreign worker on security The UAE witnessed lots of demonstrations that carried out by expat workers, Asians in particular, demanding to improveimprovement of working conditions. Labor protests resulted in disagreement with some issue in their own country such as the protest in 2007 set by 600 Chinese workers against their recruitment company in Chinea asking that the money they paid should be returned, they marched in Sharjah and blocked some road in the industrialy area. Such as demonstration might become a security threat if it deviateds from peaceful objectives and headed to the destruction of public properties as happened in Ras Alkhaimah in April 2015 when laborers wrecked and set fire to their building site and 17 cars after a worker fell to his death in an apparent suicide which prompted the police to use force to break up demonstration. Another demonstration took place in March 2015 when hundreds of workers from South Asia have staged a rare protest in Dubai ( BCC 2015), they blocked one of the main landmark area in Dubai. Different expats are is inseparable from conflicts between in their own different countries, which meansmean they may be interact influenced with byany future developments taking place abroad. During the Arab spring, a lot of Arab communities demonstrated their support or opposition to their political actions[a5]. An example of the demonstrations resulted in situations that happened abroad by Syria and Libya, as a result, In 2011, Syrians demonstrated in front of their consulate in Dubai, condemning action of Assad in their homeland. The consequentce of these demonstrations is are not always positive, sometimes it is converted to riot which need to be suppressed by forces. Some foreign labors involved in organized crime in various forms. UAE security services have succeeded over the years in discovering networks involved in trafficking, jewelry and liquor, perpetrated by expat labor, particularly Asians. More dangerously, some of these elements have proven to have links to some border crossing organized crime groups, such as money laundering, currency counterfeiting, drug trafficking, and other illegal activity. In addition, this increases the expenditure in security sectors to maintain the internal security. Other challenges of Demographic imbalance Lot of strategies in the UAE has been adopted or revised by foreign people who contributed to build the country, where the role of citizen was limited in managing and leading the development, this contribution gave the chance for foreign consultant organization to manage most of the economic and strategic plans, and it is notable that most of projects especially real estate projects extensively attracted more foreign companies with different identities. Institutions and organizations in the UAE have being been developdevelopingeding continuously. Government sectors which used to comprise of citizens is inflated yearly to absorb the requirements of other sectors that exponentially increase. There are a lot of organizations that have been under pressure to fulfill population demand. General directorate of residency and foreigners affairs is one of the departments that suffer from the imbalance, it is one of organizations that should inflate in accordance [a6]with population . population. Municipalities is another organization that suffered from this imbalance, the requirement of them increasing every year not for the interest of citizens, but for the high number of expats. The high population of foreign people put more pressure on water and energy sectors, and so on for all other services sectors. It is admitted that foreigners are who helped to develop the civilization infrastucture of the country but the surge in development did no t allow enough time to observe on cultural identity in the civilized environment, as cited by Dubai municipality . Another challenge resulted in this imbalance is in the structure of the security forces organization in the UAE which was were originally designed for the population of the UAE, but with the presence of high population such the double expats in 5 years from 2005-2010, this put lots of burden on security services which mainly comprise of minority of citizens, especially when the number of expats is fluctuating as a result of any global or domestic issue. Conclusion Expats in the UAE have greatly contributed to the economic growth including, infrastructure, transportation and domestic needs, as well as raising living standards of nationals, education, and health and social care. However, the rapid development has to trade off several aspects of culture, security and policies. An equilibrium is needed to meet the standard requirement of the UAE and the presence of people to prioritize requirement and to maintain a steady growth to the country to balance the cost-benefit of expats. Needs documentation Ahmed Almualla 1 [a1]Not clear what you mean [a2]More than other means like internet [a3]Why? [a4]Not complete sentence [a5]Need different word [a6]Choice of words

College degree Essay

The quest for college degree has brought us to here HCC, because there was no real fulfillment in our various jobs. The benefits from having a college education are manifold and range from jobs satisfaction, higher earning potential, and healthier life style choices. With the advances in technology, many of today’s jobs now require more than a high school education or trade skills. Success in the workforce is increasingly defined by the ability to think critically, manipulate a computer, and to work collaboratively in a teaming environment. Today’s college education develops these abilities, providing individuals with invaluable business and personal skills and knowledge, as well as opening the door to better career opportunities and increased earning power. Having a college degree is linked to higher pay. People with a higher level of education are more satisfied in their jobs than people who only have a high school diploma. For example, in 2012 the median of earnings for young adults with a bachelor’s degree was $46,900, while the median was $22,900 for those without a high school credential and $30,000 for those with a high school credential. In other words, young adults with a bachelor’s degree earned more than twice as much as those without a high school credential (105 percent more) and 57 percent more than young adult high school completers. (National Center for Education Statistics website). One of the biggest arguments against a college education is not being able to go work when you turn eighteen. Many people believe that this will cause them to fall behind and not be able save up enough money. A college education will let you â€Å"skip the line† and start working with better jobs, in better places, with better conditions, and on top of that, the unemployment rates for high school graduates have increased to 8. 1% in the last year (â€Å"Value of a Degree†). The bottom line is that better jobs come from a better education. College education will help in making good choice and have a healthier life style. Apparently those with a college education are more likely to live healthier lifestyles, with fewer incidences of smoking and obesity. The gap between smoking rates of those with high school diplomas and those with four-year degrees has risen from 2 percentage points in 1962 to 17 points in 2012. College-educated adults of all ages, and their children, are also less likely to be obese. In addition, mothers with higher levels of education spend more time with their children, regardless of whether they are employed or not (â€Å"Top Universities†). Also in the other hand, according to Malcom X â€Å"Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today. † The Luck of education is a serious problem today. Some effects include illiteracy and increased drop rate, this is also leads to have a trouble finding work. It is difficult to see the exact value of your education in the beginning. However, finishing high school is an asset that everyone with the opportunity should take full advantage of. Just finishing high school opens up some doors, but not many. On the contrary, not going to school can result in higher unemployment and therefore a means for extra burden on the society. You can see from the chart that there is a dramatic difference between what a person will be paid with a diploma and as a college graduate. According to the chart a college graduate can bring home nearly fifty-percent more than a person with a high school diploma. Higher education opens up opportunities for people. It gives student the experience and the confidence that they will be able to use in many life situations. Attending college gives students opportunities to express themselves and to learn about other people and their ideas. Although college isn’t for everyone, everyone should at least give it a try. By going to college you learn to become independent, you go into the race for bigger, safer, better jobs, and you make more money on the other side. If you are given the opportunity to go to college, you should take advantage of it. You might even find out that you like it. The college experience is both academic and practical. College gives us a great opportunity to grow intellectually and gives us a chance to mature.

Top Guide of The Obtacles in Education Essay Samples

Top Guide of The Obtacles in Education Essay Samples The New Angle On the Obtacles in Education Essay Samples Just Released There are lots of misconceptions around home schooling. Everyone on the planet has had to overcome some sort of obstacles in their life. Obstacles can be a rather small or maybe a very massive thing in our everyday lives. Some folks find it difficult to retain knowledge along with others. If women aren't ever likely to have the ability to make the exact same that men can, there's very little likelihood equality will prevail. Some say it's not possible to modify the essence of humans. Women and men share many traits. In fact, there isn't any authentic method to entirely make women and men equal to one another, but it doesn't indicate it's not possible to continue to try. Type of the Obtacles in Education Essay Samples This paper analyses a thriving entrepreneur. In addition, it has sufficient resources to fund research. Students need the capacity to overcome common obstacles, a crucial aspect for pursuing and education. Creativity will be asked to adapt the social software to help it become feasible for application in education purpose. Overcoming Challenges in Life Essay Special Challenges College Essay Alex Farley If you've experienced special challenges or adversities which you feel should be taken under consideration, please inform us. Whatever goal you would like to achieve will consist of overcoming obstacles. There's really no mandated requirement for parents to have an official education to have the ability to help children in home schooling. The research was carried out to learn how social software may be used effectively support student learning and engagement. For teacher to make sure that students not only utilizes the socializing software for socializing purpose there's a need for those teachers to embrace the socializing software and find methods by which they may use the exact same to increase learning among students. Now there are new choices for a child to find education. Therefore, many students and employees decide to purchase inexpensive essay rather than writing it themselves. Perhaps you wished to be a teacher, but you can't locate the sum to go to school. Teachers were not trained to teach students having the type of orientation that's being witnessed today. They need to understand that teaching has to be dynamic so as to fit the needs of the students. Obviously, there's a danger in being too honest. In certain instances, children need to work hard and face difficulties to accomplish their objectives. The character of abuse may vary and the influence on the psyche of those affected usually requires a while till they register full recovery. A feeling of isolation impacts the adult who had a traumatized childhood to come up with a defense mechanism. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. You're able to tell somebody you trust to aid you out in proofreading. Reading example essays work s the exact same way! Read essay written by other people on essay for you in order to write positively and prevent whining on your problems. Sometimes what you believe you want turns out to not be proper for you. There are a lot of common misconceptions about differentiation. 2 These tools weren't used with the exact same intensity in all periods. The 2 policies with the greatest scores were selected. the Obtacles in Education Essay Samples: the Ultimate Convenience! It gives America the thought that non-fluent English speakers are less intelligent, and can readily be taken advantage of. Sir Richard is accountable for the spectacular functioning of the brand. Therefore, there's a strong relationship between the company and the founder.

Should Gay Be A Racist - 1320 Words

If you think that by merely not agreeing with the gay lifestyle it s bigotry comparable to racism think again. You do realize that s a slap in the face of all those cultures you re referencing calling all they fought for frivolous right? There is definitely a smear agenda going on. As soon as the whole gays-getting-equal-rights thing came into the spotlight all of a sudden christians are being called bigots because we don t support being gay. the funny thing is, homosexuality is not genetic in any way shape or form. a person can get off on a man or woman...or inanimate object. therefore the idea that gays can t help it because they aren t attracted to the opposite sex and that not supporting their lifestyle choice is the same as being a racist is a misconception. It would seem therefore being gay is more of a hobby than something you can compare to racial rights no different than collecting bottle caps or sports cards. therefore for christians to be so hated for believing homosexua lity to be unrighteous as per the bible s teachings is ridiculous. To better understand this situation, it is the same thing as a republican not being welcome in the democratic party nor their meetings. it is not biggotry for the democrat to refuse to let the republican attend their meetings because they have different interests. therefore what is the big deal? the big deal is that gays can t get it out of their head that being gay is not genetic but is a choice. they can help it andShow MoreRelatedMinimum Of 10 Indications Of Prejudice : The Most Hated Homophobic Family In America1237 Words   |  5 Pagesfamily church they hate all gays and homosexuals. 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Women Should Be A Child s Feeding Schedule Should Not Be...

Women should have the right to breastfeed in public places without feeling intimidated or embarrassed. Breastfeeding in public is one of the most controversial issues in society today. An issue which is misunderstood as a disrespectful act of indecent exposure, when in fact it is the most natural thing in the world. Women in restaurants, airplanes, and other public spaces have been told to leave or to cover up while breastfeeding their children. Many of these mothers say they feel unwelcomed, uncomfortable and even intimidated. To society breastfeeding in public is disturbing and disrespectful, but what many don’t realize is that a human being is being fed. A child’s feeding schedule should not be changed simply because people think feeding a baby is disturbing. Many mothers choose to breastfeed for the benefits, their culture, Women decide to breastfeed for the amazing benefits it leaves in the future for the baby. During the first six months it is crucial for a baby t o get breastfed because it provides many necessary nutrients to promote an optimal infant weight gain. Breast milk produces antibodies that help resist harmful diseases and infections such as leukemia, lymphoma, pneumonia and eye and ear infections. There are two significant nutrients in breast milk which are not in store bought formula, protein and fats. Store bought formula do not contain the DHA and cholesterol that breast milk has which helps assist the infants cardiovascular and nervous system.Show MoreRelatedInfant Formul Just As Healthy1873 Words   |  8 Pageswondered what you should feed your newborn? Breast milk or infant formula? Or have you ever considered why so many mothers prefer to breastfeed versus bottled formula? If so, you may find your answers to your questions here. What is breast milk you say? Breast milk is simply defined as the milk produced from the breast of a female that is intended for newborn babies. 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Perspective on the Teachings of Jan Hus Free Essays

Jan Hus From â€Å"The Church† Jan Hus was a Czech Roman Catholic preacher and writer in Prague. His teachings were influenced by the English theologian Wyclif. Wyclif was one of the earliest opponents of papal authority influencing political power; he started anticlerical and biblically centered reforms known as the Lollard Movement. We will write a custom essay sample on Perspective on the Teachings of Jan Hus or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Lollard Movement was a precursor to the protestant reformation. Likewise, Hus called for radical reforms in the church. Of primary concern to Hus was the designation of the Pontiff, or Pope, within the church. Based on his radical views and strong opposition to the church’s foundational belief that the pope is the head of the church, Jan Hus was accused of heresy and was condemned. Hus recorded his perspective and teachings in monographs which were used by his accusers to build a case against him. Of the thirty-nine sentences read to him at his trial, twenty-six of them were based on his work â€Å"The Church. † Because Hus refused to renounce his beliefs he was burned at the stake, becoming a national martyr against the Catholic Church. The excerpts from his work â€Å"The Church† express Hus’s opinions on the papacy. He begins by characterizing the role of Christ within the church. Hus uses scriptures from Matthew, I Peter, Hebrews, Luke, John, Philippians, and revelations to support his argument, that Jesus is the only true roman pontiff, or bishop, of the Roman Catholic Church. Hus interprets these scriptures as describing three major themes of Christ: 1) Jesus is at the right hand of god, and no one can be saved without him, 2) Jesus is omnipresent and all knowing, and that 3) Jesus is god. Jon Hus uses these scriptures to contend that Jesus is the only true bishop because he baptizes and takes away the sins of the world, holds supreme guardianship over man, and that he is the pope, or father of the future age. Hus concludes that everyone is subject to the pontiff, Jesus, for salvation, and that there is no other pontiff except for jesus. Hus’s major contention with the church centers his beliefs that there is an abuse of the term pope within the church since anyone, ordained or not, can e elected as a pope, and that expressed belief in one individual, the pope, is needed for salvation. To support the first belief, Hus goes provides examples of popes who were unlettered, female, and/or heritics. He concludes that under current conditions within the church, even an antichrist could be elected as pope. Hus uses these examples and the potential for an antichrist religious leader to drive home the point that no pope is the most exalted person of the Roman Catholic Ch urch besides Christ. Therefore, no pope is the head of the Catholic Church except for Christ. To support the latter belief, Hus suggests that it is not a necessity for salvation that people should believe expressly that any one is head of any church whatsoever; unless the works of the individual plainly moved others into believing it. He claims that if the body of Christ, the people, follows a bad head, the pope, then both body and head will end up in the precipice. Therefore, people should choose who they wish to follow as a head, and that their decisions should be based on the works of the individual. Hus’s beliefs posed an immediate threat to the Roman Catholic Church and, more importantly, to its leaders. By stating that popes are not ordained of god, and that popes have historically assumed contradictory roles to their appointed position, Hus questions the legitimacy of the elite position within the church. The pope Alexander V excommunicated Hus and his followers in 1409 and outlawed public preaching. The government however, took the side of Hus, and the power of his movement increased daily. Despite the ban on free preaching, Hus continued to preach in the Bethlehem Chapel. It appeared as though the ban itself caused little result. Tensions between the church and Hus’s movement continued until a council was called in 1414. The council of Constance was an attempt to put an end to the division of people due to the papacy and to take up the long desired  reform of the Church. Hus agreed to go to the council on the premise that he would be given safe passage. However, it has been proposed that he suspected that he would be killed at Constance; this is evidenced by the will he wrote prior to going. Within a few weeks after his arrival, Hus was imprisoned, put to trial, and burned at the stake. His execution was an attempt by the church to squander the reform that he had started in Bohemia. However, the eople of Bohemia responded to his death by moving even more rapidly away from Papal teachings, and by announcing a  crusade  against them. A  Papal bull was then issued by the pope  which stated that all supporters of reformers like Hus and Wycliffe be slaughtered. The crusaders lost, as did the second and third crusades that followed. A century later, as much as ninety percent of the  Czech Crown lands  still followed Hussite teachings. Although some revolutionary movements do not end in a revolution, there accounts can provide powerful insights into the views held among the people. It is too often that only the perspective of the rich and noble are recorded in history; revolutionary movements offer some of the few accounts of the opposing ideals held among the commoners. Jan Hus’s reform resulted in his death, and the death of many of his followers, but its impact upon the church was far reaching. Hus was a key contributor to the creation of Protestantism which strongly influenced European States, as well as Martin Luther. The reform started by Jan Hus resulted in the Basel Compacts which allowed for a reformed church within Bohemia. How to cite Perspective on the Teachings of Jan Hus, Essay examples

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Ddffff Essay The purpose of human life is an unanswerable question. It seemsimpossible to find an answer because we dont know where to begin lookingor whom to ask. Existence, to us, seems to be something imposed upon us byan unknown force. There is no apparent meaning to it, and yet we sufferas a result of it. The world seems utterly chaotic. We therefore try toimpose meaning on it through pattern and fabricated purposes to distractourselves from the fact that our situation is hopelessly unfathomable. Waiting for Godot is a play that captures this feeling and view of theworld, and characterizes it with archetypes that symbolize humanity and itsbehaviour when faced with this knowledge. According to the play, a humanbeings life is totally dependant on chance, and, by extension, time ismeaningless; therefore, a human+s life is also meaningless, and therealization of this drives humans to rely on nebulous, outside forces,which may be real or not, for order and direction. The basic premise of the play is that chance is the underlying factorbehind existence. Therefore human life is determined by chance. This isestablished very early on, when Vladimir mentions the parable of the twothieves from the Bible. One of the thieves was saved. Its a reasonablepercentage (Beckett, 8). The idea of percentage is important becausethis represents how the fate of humanity is determined; it is random, andthere is a percentage chance that a person will be saved or damned. Vladimir continues by citing the disconcordance of the Gospels on the storyof the two thieves. And yethow is it this is not boring you I hope how is it that of the four Evangelists only one speaks of a thief beingsaved. The four of them were there or thereabouts and only one speaksof a thief being saved (Beckett, 9). Beckett makes an important pointwith this example of how chance is woven into even the most sacred of textsthat is supposed to hold ultimate truth for humanity. All four disciplesof Chi rst are supposed to have been present during his crucifixion andwitnessed the two thieves, crucified with Jesus, being saved or damneddepending on their treatment of him in these final hours. Of the four,only two report anything peculiar happening with the thieves. Of the twothat report it, only one says that a thief was saved while the other saysthat both were damned. Thus, the percentages go from 100%, to 50%, to a25% chance for salvation. This whole matter of percentages symbolizes howchance is the determining factor of existence, and Beckett used the Bibleto prove this because that is the text that humanity has looked to formeaning for millenia. Even the Bible reduces human life to a matter ofchance. On any given day there is a certain percent chance that one willbe saved as opposed to damned, and that person is powerless to affect thedecision. The fate of the thieves, one of whom was saved and the otherdamned according to the one of the four accounts that everybody believes,bec omes as the play progresses a symbol of the condition of man in anunpredictable and arbitrary universe (Webb, 32). God, if he exists, contributes to the chaos by his silence. The veryfact that God allows such an arbitrary system to continue makes him anaccomplice. The French philosopher Pascal noted the arbitrariness of lifeand that the universe worked on the basis of percentages. He advocatedusing such arbitrariness to ones advantage, including believing in Godbecause, if he doesnt exist, nobody would care in the end, but if he does,one was on the safe side all along, so one cant lose. It is the samereasoning that Vladimir uses in his remark quoted above, Its a reasonablepercentage. But it is Gods silence throughout all this that causes thereal hopelessness, and this is what makes Waiting for Godot a tragedyamidst all the comical actions of its characters: the silent plea to Godfor meaning, for answers, which symbolizes the plea of all humanity, andGods silence in response. The recourse to bookkeeping by the philosopherPascal no less than the clownish tramp shows how helpless we are withrespect to God+s silence (Astro, 121). Either God does not exist, or hedoes not care. Whichever is the case, chance and arbitrariness determinehuman life in the absence of divine involvement. .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7 , .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7 .postImageUrl , .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7 , .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7:hover , .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7:visited , .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7:active { border:0!important; } .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7:active , .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7 .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc50197c38be730cb581f7494dc7887e7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Facing Death EssayThe world of Waiting for Godot is one without any meaningfulpattern, which symbolizes chaos as the dominating force in the world. There is no orderly sequence of events. A tree which was barren one dayis covered with leaves the next. The two tramps return to the same placeevery day to wait for Godot. No one can remember exactly what happened theday before. Night falls instantly, and Godot never comes. The entiresetting of the play is meant to demonstrate that time is based on chance,and therefore human life is based on chance. Time is meaningless as a direct result of chance being the underlyingfactor of existence. Hence there is a cyclic, albeit indefinite, patternto events in Waiting for Godot. Vladimir and Estragon return to the sameplace each day to wait for Godot and experience the same general eventswith variations each time. It is not known for how long in the past theyhave been doing this, or for how long they will continue to do it, butsince time is meaningless in this play, it is assumed that past, present,and future mean nothing. Time, essentially is a mess. One of theseemingly most stable of the patterns that give shape to experience, andone of the most disturbing to see crumble, is that of time (Webb, 34-35). The ramifications of this on human existence are symbolized by thedifference between Pozzo and Lucky in Act I and in Act II. Because timeis based on chance and is therefore meaningless, human life is treatedarbitrarily and in an almost ruthless manner, and is also meaningless. InAct I Poz zo is travelling to the market to sell Lucky, his slave. Pozzois healthy as can be, and there seems to be nothing wrong. Lucky used tobe such a pleasant slave to have around, but he Bibliography: